महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-5, verse-13

अथ पृष्टः शुकः प्राह मूर्ध्ना समभिवाद्य तम् ।
स्वागतं देवराजाय विज्ञातस्तपसा मया ॥१३॥

13. atha pṛṣṭaḥ śukaḥ prāha mūrdhnā samabhivādya tam ,
svāgataṁ devarājāya vijñātastapasā mayā.

13. atha pṛṣṭaḥ śukaḥ prāha mūrdhnā samabhivādya
tam svāgatam devarājāya vijñātaḥ tapasā mayā

13. atha pṛṣṭaḥ śukaḥ tam mūrdhnā samabhivādya
prāha svāgatam devarājāya vijñātaḥ tapasā mayā

13. Then, having been asked, the parrot respectfully saluted him with its head and said: 'Welcome, O king of gods! You have been recognized by me through my spiritual practice (tapas).'

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now)

• पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - having been asked (asked, questioned, interrogated)

• शुकः (śukaḥ) - the parrot (parrot)

• प्राह (prāha) - said (said, spoke)

• मूर्ध्ना (mūrdhnā) - with its head (with the head)

• समभिवाद्य (samabhivādya) - having saluted respectfully (having saluted respectfully, having greeted)

• तम् (tam) - him (him, that)

• स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - Welcome! (welcome, good arrival)

• देवराजाय (devarājāya) - O king of gods! (dative of address) (to the king of gods)

• विज्ञातः (vijñātaḥ) - recognized (known, recognized, understood)

• तपसा (tapasā) - through my spiritual practice (tapas) (by asceticism, by penance, by spiritual heat)

• मया (mayā) - by me

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now)

(indeclinable)

पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - having been asked (asked, questioned, interrogated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭa

pṛṣṭa - asked, questioned, interrogated

Past Passive Participle

root प्रछ् (prach), past passive participle

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe 'śukaḥ'.

शुकः (śukaḥ) - the parrot (parrot)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuka

śuka - parrot

प्राह (prāha) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of brū

Perfect Active

root ब्रू (brū) with prefix प्र (pra), Perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice (irregular formation from pra-aha)

Prefix: pra

Root: brū (class 2)

मूर्ध्ना (mūrdhnā) - with its head (with the head)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top, summit

समभिवाद्य (samabhivādya) - having saluted respectfully (having saluted respectfully, having greeted)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

root वद् (vad) with prefixes सम् (sam) and अभि (abhi)

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - Welcome! (welcome, good arrival)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svāgata

svāgata - welcome, good arrival, well-come

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+āgata)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived, returned
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  root गम् (gam) with prefix आ (ā)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

देवराजाय (devarājāya) - O king of gods! (dative of address) (to the king of gods)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of devarāja

devarāja - king of gods, Indra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+rājan)

• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

विज्ञातः (vijñātaḥ) - recognized (known, recognized, understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijñāta

vijñāta - known, recognized, understood, perceived

Past Passive Participle

root ज्ञा (jñā) with prefix वि (vi)

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used here predicatively: 'You (understood) are recognized'.

तपसा (tapasā) - through my spiritual practice (tapas) (by asceticism, by penance, by spiritual heat)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, spiritual practice, heat, austerity

Root: tap (class 1)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I