महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-148, verse-9

राजमार्गे गवां मध्ये गोष्ठमध्ये च धर्मिणः ।
नोपसेवन्ति राजेन्द्र सर्गं मूत्रपुरीषयोः ॥९॥

9. rājamārge gavāṁ madhye goṣṭhamadhye ca dharmiṇaḥ ,
nopasevanti rājendra sargaṁ mūtrapurīṣayoḥ.

9. rājamārge gavām madhye goṣṭhamadhye ca dharmiṇaḥ
na upasevanti rājendra sargam mūtrapurīṣayoḥ

9. rājendra dharmiṇaḥ rājamārge gavām madhye
goṣṭhamadhye ca mūtrapurīṣayoḥ sargam na upasevanti

9. O best of kings, those who uphold righteousness (dharma) do not urinate or defecate on the royal road, amidst cows, or within a cow pen.

Words meanings summery:

• राजमार्गे (rājamārge) - on the royal road, on the highway

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle of, among

• गोष्ठमध्ये (goṣṭhamadhye) - in the cow pen, in the cow shed

• च (ca) - and, also

• धर्मिणः (dharmiṇaḥ) - people who follow the principles of natural law/righteousness. (righteous ones, those who adhere to dharma)

• न (na) - not, no

• उपसेवन्ति (upasevanti) - they excrete, they relieve themselves (they resort to, they frequent, they perform)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings, O best of kings

• सर्गम् (sargam) - excretion (of urine and feces) (emission, discharge, creation)

• मूत्रपुरीषयोः (mūtrapurīṣayoḥ) - of urine and feces

Words meanings and morphology

राजमार्गे (rājamārge) - on the royal road, on the highway

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rājamārga

rājamārga - royal road, highway

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+mārga)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• mārga – road, path, way
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛj (class 2)

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: From 'go' (gauh), which is a feminine noun for cow in this context.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle of, among

(indeclinable)

Locative form used adverbially.

Note: Literally 'in the middle', used here as an adverbial preposition.

गोष्ठमध्ये (goṣṭhamadhye) - in the cow pen, in the cow shed

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of goṣṭhamadhya

goṣṭhamadhya - middle of a cow pen/shed

Compound type : tatpurusha (goṣṭha+madhya)

• goṣṭha – cow pen, cow shed, stable
  noun (neuter)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

धर्मिणः (dharmiṇaḥ) - people who follow the principles of natural law/righteousness. (righteous ones, those who adhere to dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmin

dharmin - possessing dharma, righteous, virtuous, lawful

Formed with suffix -in from dharma.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'those who are righteous' or 'those who possess dharma'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

उपसेवन्ति (upasevanti) - they excrete, they relieve themselves (they resort to, they frequent, they perform)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of upa-sev

ātmanepada verb. Here with upa- meaning "to indulge in, to apply oneself to"

Prefix: upa

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: upa as a preverb often means "near, towards, inferior", but with sev it can mean "to resort to, apply oneself to, indulge in".

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings, O best of kings

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, best of kings, king of kings

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (name of a deity), chief, best
  noun (masculine)

सर्गम् (sargam) - excretion (of urine and feces) (emission, discharge, creation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarga

sarga - creation, emission, discharge, letting loose

From root sṛj (to emit, create) with prefix sa-.

Root: sṛj (class 6)

मूत्रपुरीषयोः (mūtrapurīṣayoḥ) - of urine and feces

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, dual of mūtrapurīṣa

mūtrapurīṣa - urine and feces

Dvaṃdva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (mūtra+purīṣa)

• mūtra – urine
  noun (neuter)
  Root: mūtr (class 1)
• purīṣa – feces, excrement, dung
  noun (neuter)

Note: Dual form for 'of urine and feces'.