महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-148, verse-20

वृद्धान्नातिवदेज्जातु न च संप्रेषयेदपि ।
नासीनः स्यात्स्थितेष्वेवमायुरस्य न रिष्यते ॥२०॥

20. vṛddhānnātivadejjātu na ca saṁpreṣayedapi ,
nāsīnaḥ syātsthiteṣvevamāyurasya na riṣyate.

20. vṛddhān na ativadet jātu na ca sampreṣayet api na
āsīnaḥ syāt sthiteṣu evam āyuḥ asya na riṣyate

20. jātu vṛddhān na ativadet ca na api sampreṣayet
sthiteṣu na āsīnaḥ syāt evam asya āyuḥ na riṣyate

20. One should never speak disrespectfully to elders, nor should one command them. One should not remain seated when they are standing. By following these customs, one's life does not diminish.

Words meanings summery:

• वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elders, aged persons

• न (na) - not

• अतिवदेत् (ativadet) - should speak excessively, should speak disrespectfully

• जातु (jātu) - never (when combined with 'na') (ever, at any time, by any means)

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and

• सम्प्रेषयेत् (sampreṣayet) - should send, should command, should order

• अपि (api) - even, also

• न (na) - not

• आसीनः (āsīnaḥ) - sitting, seated

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be

• स्थितेषु (sthiteṣu) - among those standing, when they are standing

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, longevity

• अस्य (asya) - his, of him

• न (na) - not

• रिष्यते (riṣyate) - is harmed, perishes, diminishes

Words meanings and morphology

वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elders, aged persons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - aged, old, elder, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛdh (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अतिवदेत् (ativadet) - should speak excessively, should speak disrespectfully

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ativad

Optative

Derived from root vad (to speak) with prefix ati-

Prefix: ati

Root: vad (class 1)

जातु (jātu) - never (when combined with 'na') (ever, at any time, by any means)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सम्प्रेषयेत् (sampreṣayet) - should send, should command, should order

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of sampreṣ

Causative Optative

Derived from root iṣ (to send) with prefixes sam- and pra-

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: iṣ (class 4)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

आसीनः (āsīnaḥ) - sitting, seated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsīna

āsīna - sitting, seated, staying

Present Active Participle

Derived from root ās (to sit)

Root: ās (class 2)

स्यात् (syāt) - should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

स्थितेषु (sthiteṣu) - among those standing, when they are standing

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, present

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand, be)

Root: sthā (class 1)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, longevity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, vital power, longevity

अस्य (asya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

रिष्यते (riṣyate) - is harmed, perishes, diminishes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (lat) of riṣ

Root: riṣ (class 4)