महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-148, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
ये च धर्ममसूयन्ति ये चैनं पर्युपासते ।
ब्रवीतु भगवानेतत्क्व ते गच्छन्ति तादृशाः ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ye ca dharmamasūyanti ye cainaṁ paryupāsate ,
bravītu bhagavānetatkva te gacchanti tādṛśāḥ.

1. Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca ye ca dharmam asūyanti ye ca enam pari
upāsate bravītu bhagavān etat kva te gacchanti tādṛśāḥ

1. Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bhagavān etat bravītu: ye ca dharmam asūyanti,
ye ca enam pari upāsate,
te tādṛśāḥ kva gacchanti?

1. Yudhishthira said: "O venerable one, please tell me this: Where do those go who scorn the natural law (dharma), and where do those go who devoutly practice it?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava brother (Yudhishthira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhishthira said (said, spoke)

• ये (ye) - those people who (those who, which)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• असूयन्ति (asūyanti) - they scorn (they scorn, they envy, they malign)

• ये (ye) - those people who (those who, which)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एनम् (enam) - it (referring to dharma) (him, it)

• परि (pari) - (prefix indicating completion or devotion) (around, about, fully)

• उपासते (upāsate) - they devoutly practice (they worship, they attend, they practice)

• ब्रवीतु (bravītu) - may he (Bhagavān) tell (may he speak, let him tell)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - O venerable one (venerable one, blessed one, worshipful one, lord)

• एतत् (etat) - this (matter) (this)

• क्व (kva) - where (where?)

• ते (te) - those (people) (they)

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - do they go (they go)

• तादृशाः (tādṛśāḥ) - such people (referring to both types previously mentioned) (such ones, such people)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava brother (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Yudhiṣṭhira

Yudhiṣṭhira - steadfast in battle; Yudhishthira (proper name)

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  Locative of yudh.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhishthira said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect formation of vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

ये (ye) - those people who (those who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution

From root dhṛ 'to hold, support'.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of the verb.

असूयन्ति (asūyanti) - they scorn (they scorn, they envy, they malign)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of asūy

present tense, active voice, 3rd person plural

Denominative verb from asūyā (envy, malice).

Root: asūy (class 10)

ये (ye) - those people who (those who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एनम् (enam) - it (referring to dharma) (him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it (demonstrative/anaphoric pronoun)

Note: Refers to dharmam.

परि (pari) - (prefix indicating completion or devotion) (around, about, fully)

(indeclinable)

Preposition or verbal prefix.

Note: Acts as an upasarga to the following verb.

उपासते (upāsate) - they devoutly practice (they worship, they attend, they practice)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of upa-ās

present tense, middle voice, 3rd person plural

Derived from root ās with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Modified by preceding pari.

ब्रवीतु (bravītu) - may he (Bhagavān) tell (may he speak, let him tell)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

imperative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular

Irregular imperative form of brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

भगवान् (bhagavān) - O venerable one (venerable one, blessed one, worshipful one, lord)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - venerable, blessed, divine, glorious, illustrious; a lord

Derived from bhaga (fortune, excellence) + matup suffix.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Used here in a vocative sense.

एतत् (etat) - this (matter) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Object of bravītu.

क्व (kva) - where (where?)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those (people) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to tādṛśāḥ.

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - do they go (they go)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of gam

present tense, active voice, 3rd person plural

Root gam takes gacch stem in present tense.

Root: gam (class 1)

तादृशाः (tādṛśāḥ) - such people (referring to both types previously mentioned) (such ones, such people)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, of that kind

From tad + dṛś (to see) + suffix ka.

Note: Qualifies te (they).