महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-148, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
रजसा तमसा चैव समवस्तीर्णचेतसः ।
नरकं प्रतिपद्यन्ते धर्मविद्वेषिणो नराः ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
rajasā tamasā caiva samavastīrṇacetasaḥ ,
narakaṁ pratipadyante dharmavidveṣiṇo narāḥ.

2. Bhīṣmaḥ uvāca rajasā tamasā ca eva samavastīrṇacetasaḥ
narakam pratipadyante dharmavidveṣiṇaḥ narāḥ

2. Bhīṣmaḥ uvāca ye narāḥ rajasā tamasā ca eva samavastīrṇacetasaḥ (santaḥ) dharmavidveṣiṇaḥ (ca),
te narakam pratipadyante.

2. Bhishma said: "People whose minds are completely overwhelmed by the qualities of passion (rajas) and ignorance (tamas), and who bear hostility towards the natural law (dharma), attain hell."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the revered elder (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said (said, spoke)

• रजसा (rajasā) - by the quality of passion (rajas) (by passion, by dust, by emotion)

• तमसा (tamasā) - by the quality of ignorance (tamas) (by darkness, by ignorance, by inertia)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, completely (indeed, just, only)

• समवस्तीर्णचेतसः (samavastīrṇacetasaḥ) - whose minds are completely overwhelmed (whose minds are completely covered/overwhelmed)

• नरकम् (narakam) - hell

• प्रतिपद्यन्ते (pratipadyante) - they attain (they attain, they reach, they undergo)

• धर्मविद्वेषिणः (dharmavidveṣiṇaḥ) - people hostile to the natural law (dharma) (haters of dharma, hostile to dharma)

• नराः (narāḥ) - people (people, men)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the revered elder (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Bhīṣma

Bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; Bhishma (proper name)

From root bhīṣ 'to frighten'.

Root: bhīṣ (class 10)

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect formation of vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

रजसा (rajasā) - by the quality of passion (rajas) (by passion, by dust, by emotion)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, gloom, passion, activity (one of the three guṇas)

तमसा (tamasā) - by the quality of ignorance (tamas) (by darkness, by ignorance, by inertia)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia (one of the three guṇas)

Root: tam (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, completely (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Intensifying particle.

समवस्तीर्णचेतसः (samavastīrṇacetasaḥ) - whose minds are completely overwhelmed (whose minds are completely covered/overwhelmed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samavastīrṇacetas

samavastīrṇacetas - having the mind (cetas) completely covered/overwhelmed (samavastīrṇa)

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (samavastīrṇa+cetas)

• samavastīrṇa – completely covered, overwhelmed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root stṛ (to strew, cover) with upasargas sam and ava.
  Prefixes: sam+ava
  Root: stṛ (class 5)
• cetas – mind, consciousness, intellect
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)

नरकम् (narakam) - hell

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, underworld

Note: Object of pratipadyante.

प्रतिपद्यन्ते (pratipadyante) - they attain (they attain, they reach, they undergo)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of prati-pad

present tense, middle voice, 3rd person plural

Derived from root pad with upasarga prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

धर्मविद्वेषिणः (dharmavidveṣiṇaḥ) - people hostile to the natural law (dharma) (haters of dharma, hostile to dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmavidveṣin

dharmavidveṣin - hating dharma, hostile to duty/righteousness/natural law

Tatpuruṣa compound. Derived from dharma and vidveṣin.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vidveṣin)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vidveṣin – hater, hostile, abhorring
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root dviṣ with vi
  Derived from vi-dviṣ (to hate).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)

नराः (narāḥ) - people (people, men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject of pratipadyante.