महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-148, verse-32

तस्मात्पापं न गूहेत गूहमानं विवर्धते ।
कृत्वा तु साधुष्वाख्येयं ते तत्प्रशमयन्त्युत ॥३२॥

32. tasmātpāpaṁ na gūheta gūhamānaṁ vivardhate ,
kṛtvā tu sādhuṣvākhyeyaṁ te tatpraśamayantyuta.

32. tasmāt pāpam na gūheta gūhamānam vivardhate |
kṛtvā tu sādhuṣu ākhyeyam te tat praśamayanti uta

32. tasmāt pāpam na gūheta,
gūhamānam vivardhate kṛtvā tu sādhuṣu ākhyeyam,
te tat praśamayanti uta

32. Therefore, one should not conceal sin, for when concealed, it only grows. However, having committed one, one should confess it to the virtuous, for they will surely mitigate it.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin (sin, evil)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• गूहेत (gūheta) - one should conceal (one should conceal, one should hide)

• गूहमानम् (gūhamānam) - when concealed (referring to sin) (concealing (it), being concealed)

• विवर्धते (vivardhate) - it only grows (it increases, it grows)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having committed (having done, having made, having performed)

• तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)

• साधुषु (sādhuṣu) - to the virtuous (among the virtuous, to the good people)

• आख्येयम् (ākhyeyam) - should be confessed (to be told, to be narrated, to be confessed)

• ते (te) - they (the virtuous) (they)

• तत् (tat) - it (the sin) (that, it)

• प्रशमयन्ति (praśamayanti) - they will mitigate (they calm, they mitigate, they extinguish, they make tranquil)

• उत (uta) - surely (indeed, moreover, and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

(indeclinable)

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'therefore'.

पापम् (pāpam) - sin (sin, evil)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, vice, wicked

Note: Object of gūheta.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

गूहेत (gūheta) - one should conceal (one should conceal, one should hide)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of guh

Optative Middle

root guh (class 1)

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Middle voice is common with guh when the action affects oneself or the subject.

गूहमानम् (gūhamānam) - when concealed (referring to sin) (concealing (it), being concealed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gūhamāna

gūhamāna - concealing, hiding, being concealed

Present Middle Participle

root guh (class 1) + śānac suffix

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Can be interpreted as 'that which is being concealed', acting as the subject to vivardhate.

विवर्धते (vivardhate) - it only grows (it increases, it grows)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present Middle Indicative

vi- + root vṛdh

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Intransitive verb.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having committed (having done, having made, having performed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

root kṛ + ktvā suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

particle

साधुषु (sādhuṣu) - to the virtuous (among the virtuous, to the good people)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, holy man, saint

from root sādh

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Locative of recipient for ākhyeyam.

आख्येयम् (ākhyeyam) - should be confessed (to be told, to be narrated, to be confessed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ākhyeya

ākhyeya - to be told, to be spoken, to be confessed, to be announced

Gerundive

ā- + root khyā (to tell) + ya suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Gerundive construction, implies 'it should be confessed'.

ते (te) - they (the virtuous) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

तत् (tat) - it (the sin) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of praśamayanti.

प्रशमयन्ति (praśamayanti) - they will mitigate (they calm, they mitigate, they extinguish, they make tranquil)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śam

Present Active Indicative

Causative stem śamaya- from root śam, pra- prefix

Prefix: pra

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Implies future action based on context.

उत (uta) - surely (indeed, moreover, and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis.