महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-148, verse-10

पञ्चानामशनं दत्त्वा शेषमश्नन्ति साधवः ।
न जल्पन्ति च भुञ्जाना न निद्रान्त्यार्द्रपाणयः ॥१०॥

10. pañcānāmaśanaṁ dattvā śeṣamaśnanti sādhavaḥ ,
na jalpanti ca bhuñjānā na nidrāntyārdrapāṇayaḥ.

10. pañcānām aśanam dattvā śeṣam aśnanti sādhavaḥ na
jalpanti ca bhuñjānā na nidrānti ārdrāpāṇayaḥ

10. sādhavaḥ pañcānām aśanam dattvā śeṣam aśnanti ca
bhuñjānā na jalpanti ārdrāpāṇayaḥ na nidrānti

10. The virtuous (sādhavaḥ) eat the remainder after offering food to five. While eating, they do not chatter, nor do they sleep with wet hands.

Words meanings summery:

• पञ्चानाम् (pañcānām) - of five persons or categories (e.g., guests, deities, ancestors) (of five)

• अशनम् (aśanam) - food, eating

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

• शेषम् (śeṣam) - remainder, rest

• अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) - they eat, they consume

• साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - righteous people, virtuous people, good people, ascetics

• न (na) - not

• जल्पन्ति (jalpanti) - they speak, they chatter

• च (ca) - and, also

• भुञ्जाना (bhuñjānā) - while eating (eating, enjoying (masculine nominative plural))

• न (na) - not

• निद्रान्ति (nidrānti) - they sleep

• आर्द्रापाणयः (ārdrāpāṇayaḥ) - those with wet hands

Words meanings and morphology

पञ्चानाम् (pañcānām) - of five persons or categories (e.g., guests, deities, ancestors) (of five)

(numeral)

Note: Refers to five recipients for food.

अशनम् (aśanam) - food, eating

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśana

aśana - eating, food, meal

From root "aś" (to eat) + an(a) suffix.

Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Object of dattvā.

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: dā (class 3)

शेषम् (śeṣam) - remainder, rest

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śeṣa

śeṣa - remainder, residue, rest, balance

From root śiṣ (to leave remaining).

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Object of aśnanti.

अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) - they eat, they consume

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of aś

From root aś, P. (aśnāti, aśnīte)

Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Verb for the subject sādhavaḥ.

साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - righteous people, virtuous people, good people, ascetics

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, excellent, saint, ascetic

From root sādh (to accomplish, succeed).

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Subject of the verbs aśnanti, jalpanti, nidrānti.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

जल्पन्ति (jalpanti) - they speak, they chatter

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of jalp

Parasmaipada verb.

Root: jalp (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भुञ्जाना (bhuñjānā) - while eating (eating, enjoying (masculine nominative plural))

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhuj

bhuj - to eat, to enjoy, to protect, to rule

present participle (ātmanepada)

Śānac (śatṛ) suffix. Used as an adjective describing the subject.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: bhuj is ātmanepada in the sense of eating/enjoying.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

निद्रान्ति (nidrānti) - they sleep

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of nidrā

Denominative verb from the noun nidrā (sleep).

Root: nidrā (class 1)

आर्द्रापाणयः (ārdrāpāṇayaḥ) - those with wet hands

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārdrāpāṇi

ārdrāpāṇi - one whose hands are wet

A Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ārdra+pāṇi)

• ārdra – wet, moist, fresh
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: The nominative plural form means "those who have wet hands".