महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-148, verse-12

वृद्धानां भारतप्तानां स्त्रीणां बालातुरस्य च ।
ब्राह्मणानां गवां राज्ञां पन्थानं ददते च ते ॥१२॥

12. vṛddhānāṁ bhārataptānāṁ strīṇāṁ bālāturasya ca ,
brāhmaṇānāṁ gavāṁ rājñāṁ panthānaṁ dadate ca te.

12. vṛddhānām bhārataptānām strīṇām bālāturasya ca
brāhmaṇānām gavām rājñām panthānam dadate ca te

12. te vṛddhānām bhārataptānām strīṇām bālāturasya
brāhmaṇānām gavām rājñām ca panthānam ca dadate

12. And they give way to the aged, to those burdened, to women, to children, to the sick, to Brahmins, to cows, and to kings.

Words meanings summery:

• वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the aged, of old people

• भारतप्तानाम् (bhārataptānām) - of those exhausted by burden, of those afflicted by heat

• स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women

• बालातुरस्य (bālāturasya) - of a child and a sick person, of the infirm child

• च (ca) - and, also

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

• पन्थानम् (panthānam) - the path, the way

• ददते (dadate) - they give way (they give, they grant)

• च (ca) - and, also

• ते (te) - they, those

Words meanings and morphology

वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the aged, of old people

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

past passive participle

From root vṛdh (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

भारतप्तानाम् (bhārataptānām) - of those exhausted by burden, of those afflicted by heat

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhāratapta

bhāratapta - afflicted by burden, exhausted by heat, fatigued

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhāra+tapta)

• bhāra – burden, load, weight
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• tapta – heated, afflicted, distressed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tap (to heat, suffer).
  Root: tap (class 1)

स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

Feminine noun.

Root: stṛ

बालातुरस्य (bālāturasya) - of a child and a sick person, of the infirm child

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bālātura

bālātura - child-sick, a child or a sick person

A Dvaṃdva compound 'bāla-ātura' often retaining singular ending for the group, or Tatpuruṣa 'bāla eva āturaḥ' (a child who is sick).

Compound type : dvandva (bāla+ātura)

• bāla – child, young one
  noun (masculine)
• ātura – sick, distressed, afflicted
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Root: at (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, member of the priestly class, related to Brahman

Derived from brahman.

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Genitive plural of 'go'.

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

पन्थानम् (panthānam) - the path, the way

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way

Irregular masculine noun (i-stem / in-stem).

Root: path (class 1)

Note: Object of dadate.

ददते (dadate) - they give way (they give, they grant)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of dā

From root dā, class 3, ātmanepada.

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Masculine nominative plural of the pronominal stem 'tad'.

Note: Subject of dadate.