महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-148, verse-23

सायं प्रातश्च वृद्धानां शृणुयात्पुष्कला गिरः ।
श्रुतमाप्नोति हि नरः सततं वृद्धसेवया ॥२३॥

23. sāyaṁ prātaśca vṛddhānāṁ śṛṇuyātpuṣkalā giraḥ ,
śrutamāpnoti hi naraḥ satataṁ vṛddhasevayā.

23. sāyam prātaḥ ca vṛddhānām śṛṇuyāt puṣkalāḥ giraḥ
śrutam āpnoti hi naraḥ satatam vṛddhasevayā

23. sāyam prātaḥ ca vṛddhānām puṣkalāḥ giraḥ śṛṇuyāt
hi naraḥ satatam vṛddhasevayā śrutam āpnoti

23. In the morning and evening, one should listen to the abundant and excellent words of elders. For indeed, a person (nara) gains knowledge (śruta) through constant service to the aged (vṛddha-sevā).

Words meanings summery:

• सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening (in the evening, evening)

• प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning (in the morning, morning)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of elders (of the elders, of the old, of the grown)

• शृणुयात् (śṛṇuyāt) - one should listen (one should hear, listen)

• पुष्कलाः (puṣkalāḥ) - abundant and excellent (abundant, excellent, full)

• गिरः (giraḥ) - words (words, speeches, voice)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - knowledge (śruta) (heard, revealed knowledge, sacred text)

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - gains (obtains, reaches, attains)

• हि (hi) - for indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• नरः (naraḥ) - a person (nara) (man, person, human being)

• सततम् (satatam) - constant (always, continuously, constantly)

• वृद्धसेवया (vṛddhasevayā) - through constant service to the aged (vṛddha-sevā) (by service to elders)

Words meanings and morphology

सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening (in the evening, evening)

(indeclinable)

प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning (in the morning, morning)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of elders (of the elders, of the old, of the grown)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, augmented, elder, experienced

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Used substantively here for 'elders'.

शृणुयात् (śṛṇuyāt) - one should listen (one should hear, listen)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: 3rd singular optative active voice

पुष्कलाः (puṣkalāḥ) - abundant and excellent (abundant, excellent, full)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of puṣkala

puṣkala - abundant, rich, excellent, full, noble, strong

Note: Qualifies giraḥ (feminine accusative plural).

गिरः (giraḥ) - words (words, speeches, voice)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of gir

gir - word, speech, voice, utterance

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - knowledge (śruta) (heard, revealed knowledge, sacred text)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, revealed truth, knowledge (śruta), sacred tradition, learning

Past Passive Participle

From root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Used substantively for 'knowledge'.

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - gains (obtains, reaches, attains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āp

From ā- + verbal root ap (to obtain)

Prefix: ā

Root: ap (class 5)

Note: 3rd singular present active voice

हि (hi) - for indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

नरः (naraḥ) - a person (nara) (man, person, human being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person (nara), human being, hero

सततम् (satatam) - constant (always, continuously, constantly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage (accusative neuter singular form acting as adverb)

वृद्धसेवया (vṛddhasevayā) - through constant service to the aged (vṛddha-sevā) (by service to elders)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vṛddhasevā

vṛddhasevā - service to elders, respect for elders (vṛddha-sevā)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛddha+sevā)

• vṛddha – old, aged, elder
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛdh (to grow)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• sevā – service, worship, attendance
  noun (feminine)
  From root sev (to serve)
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Tatpuruṣa compound: 'service of elders'