महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-104, verse-8

जघ्नुस्ताः पयसा पुत्रांस्तथा पौत्रान्विधुन्वतीः ।
पशूनवेक्षमाणाश्च साधुवृत्तेन दंपती ॥८॥

8. jaghnustāḥ payasā putrāṁstathā pautrānvidhunvatīḥ ,
paśūnavekṣamāṇāśca sādhuvṛttena daṁpatī.

8. jaghnus tāḥ payasā putrān tathā pautrān vidhunvatīḥ
| paśūn avekṣamāṇāḥ ca sādhuvṛttena dampatī

8. tāḥ vidhunvatīḥ putrān tathā pautrān payasā
jaghnus ca paśūn avekṣamāṇāḥ dampatī sādhuvṛttena

8. Those cows, abandoning their calves and grand-calves due to the removal of their milk, caused their death. And even those who looked after animals, and a virtuous couple, (suffered similarly).

Words meanings summery:

• जघ्नुस् (jaghnus) - The cows indirectly caused the death of their young due to loss of milk. (they killed, they destroyed, they caused death)

• ताः (tāḥ) - those cows or female animals (those (feminine))

• पयसा (payasā) - by means of the removal or loss of their milk (by milk, with milk)

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - the calves of the cows (sons, calves, young ones)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, and

• पौत्रान् (pautrān) - the grand-calves of the cows (grandsons, grand-calves)

• विधुन्वतीः (vidhunvatīḥ) - the cows being deprived of or abandoning their young due to distress (shaking off, abandoning, bereft of)

• पशून् (paśūn) - animals, cattle

• अवेक्षमाणाः (avekṣamāṇāḥ) - those who were looking after animals (looking after, taking care of, observing)

• च (ca) - and

• साधुवृत्तेन (sādhuvṛttena) - by good conduct, by righteous behavior

• दम्पती (dampatī) - a married couple (the couple, husband and wife)

Words meanings and morphology

जघ्नुस् (jaghnus) - The cows indirectly caused the death of their young due to loss of milk. (they killed, they destroyed, they caused death)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of han

Perfect active verb

Perfect (liṭ), 3rd person plural, active voice.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject (cows, indirectly) is implied.

ताः (tāḥ) - those cows or female animals (those (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Subject, referring to the cows whose milk was taken.

पयसा (payasā) - by means of the removal or loss of their milk (by milk, with milk)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of payas

payas - milk, water, fluid

S-stem neuter noun.

Note: Instrumental case indicating means or cause (loss of milk being the cause of death).

पुत्रान् (putrān) - the calves of the cows (sons, calves, young ones)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child, young of an animal

Note: Object of 'jaghnus'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, and

(indeclinable)

पौत्रान् (pautrān) - the grand-calves of the cows (grandsons, grand-calves)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pautra

pautra - grandson, son's son, young of an animal (second generation)

Derived from 'putra'.

Note: Object of 'jaghnus'.

विधुन्वतीः (vidhunvatīḥ) - the cows being deprived of or abandoning their young due to distress (shaking off, abandoning, bereft of)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vidhunvat

dhun - to shake, to agitate, to abandon

Present active participle

Present active participle from root 'dhun' with prefix 'vi'. Feminine plural nominative.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhun (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'tāḥ' (the cows), describing their state.

पशून् (paśūn) - animals, cattle

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of paśu

paśu - animal, cattle, beast

U-stem masculine noun.

Note: Object of 'avekṣamāṇāḥ'.

अवेक्षमाणाः (avekṣamāṇāḥ) - those who were looking after animals (looking after, taking care of, observing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avekṣamāṇa

īkṣ - to see, to look, to consider

Present Middle Participle

Present middle participle from root 'īkṣ' with prefix 'ava'. Masculine plural nominative.

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Acts as a subject here, referring to 'those who were looking after animals', implying a group from previous context.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'avekṣamāṇāḥ' and 'dampatī'.

साधुवृत्तेन (sādhuvṛttena) - by good conduct, by righteous behavior

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sādhuvṛtta

sādhuvṛtta - righteous conduct, good behavior, virtuous

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'sādhu' (good) + 'vṛtta' (conduct).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sādhu+vṛtta)

• sādhu – good, virtuous, righteous, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• vṛtta – conduct, course of action, behavior
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes the nature of the couple.

दम्पती (dampatī) - a married couple (the couple, husband and wife)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dampati

dampati - master of the house, husband and wife (as a pair)

Noun with inherent dual meaning.

Note: Subject, along with 'avekṣamāṇāḥ'.