महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-104, verse-3

राजन्य उवाच ।
वृद्धरूपोऽसि चण्डाल बालवच्च विचेष्टसे ।
श्वखराणां रजःसेवी कस्मादुद्विजसे गवाम् ॥३॥

3. rājanya uvāca ,
vṛddharūpo'si caṇḍāla bālavacca viceṣṭase ,
śvakharāṇāṁ rajaḥsevī kasmādudvijase gavām.

3. rājanya uvāca vṛddharūpaḥ asi caṇḍāla bālavat ca
viceṣṭase śvakharāṇām rajaḥsevī kasmāt udvijase gavām

3. rājanya uvāca caṇḍāla vṛddharūpaḥ asi ca bālavat
viceṣṭase śvakharāṇām rajaḥsevī kasmāt gavām udvijase

3. The kshatriya said: O caṇḍāla, you appear old, yet you behave like a child. You, who are accustomed to the dust of dogs and donkeys, why do you recoil from the dust of cows?

Words meanings summery:

• राजन्य (rājanya) - The kshatriya (by birth, referring to kṣatrabandhu from previous verse) (kshatriya, king's son)

• उवाच (uvāca) - The kshatriya said (said, spoke)

• वृद्धरूपः (vṛddharūpaḥ) - appearing old (having an old form/appearance)

• असि (asi) - you are

• चण्डाल (caṇḍāla) - O caṇḍāla (addressing the outcaste) (O caṇḍāla)

• बालवत् (bālavat) - like a child

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विचेष्टसे (viceṣṭase) - you behave (you behave, you move, you act)

• श्वखराणाम् (śvakharāṇām) - of dogs and donkeys

• रजःसेवी (rajaḥsevī) - accustomed to the dust (of dogs and donkeys) (serving dust, accustomed to dust, covered in dust)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why)

• उद्विजसे (udvijase) - you recoil (you are agitated, you tremble, you recoil)

• गवाम् (gavām) - from the dust of cows (of cows)

Words meanings and morphology

राजन्य (rājanya) - The kshatriya (by birth, referring to kṣatrabandhu from previous verse) (kshatriya, king's son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājanya

rājanya - royal, princely, a kshatriya, a king's son

From 'rājan' (king) + 'ya' (suffix).

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - The kshatriya said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative 3rd singular

Root 'vac' (2nd class, adādi), perfect 'uvāca' (irregular formation for some roots).

Root: vac (class 2)

वृद्धरूपः (vṛddharūpaḥ) - appearing old (having an old form/appearance)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddharūpa

vṛddharūpa - of an old form, having the appearance of an old man

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vṛddha+rūpa)

• vṛddha – old, aged, grown, increased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vṛdh' (to grow).
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• rūpa – form, appearance, nature, beauty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'you'.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

present active indicative 2nd singular

Root 'as' (2nd class, adādi).

Root: as (class 2)

चण्डाल (caṇḍāla) - O caṇḍāla (addressing the outcaste) (O caṇḍāla)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of caṇḍāla

caṇḍāla - an outcaste, an untouchable (born of a śūdra father and brāhmaṇa mother, or similar mixed unions)

बालवत् (bālavat) - like a child

(indeclinable)

From 'bāla' (child) + 'vat' (suffix forming adverbs of comparison).

Note: Modifies 'viceṣṭase'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two descriptions of the caṇḍāla.

विचेष्टसे (viceṣṭase) - you behave (you behave, you move, you act)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ceṣṭ

present middle indicative 2nd singular

Root 'ceṣṭ' (1st class, bhvādi). With prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the caṇḍāla's actions.

श्वखराणाम् (śvakharāṇām) - of dogs and donkeys

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śvakharā

śvakharā - dogs and donkeys

Dvandva compound of 'śvan' (dog) and 'khara' (donkey).

Compound type : dvandva (śvan+khara)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• khara – donkey, ass
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'rajaḥ'.

रजःसेवी (rajaḥsevī) - accustomed to the dust (of dogs and donkeys) (serving dust, accustomed to dust, covered in dust)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rajaḥsevin

rajaḥsevin - one who serves dust, one who associates with dust, covered with dust

Compound. 'rajas' (dust) + 'sevin' (serving/accustomed).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rajas+sevin)

• rajas – dust, dirt, pollen, menstrual fluid, passion (guṇa)
  noun (neuter)
• sevin – serving, frequenting, accustomed to, enjoying
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'sev' (to serve, frequent).
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'you'.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which; why, wherefore

Pronominal stem.

Note: Used as an interrogative adverb for 'why'.

उद्विजसे (udvijase) - you recoil (you are agitated, you tremble, you recoil)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vij

present middle indicative 2nd singular

Root 'vij' (6th class, tudādi). With prefix 'ud'.

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Refers to the caṇḍāla's reaction.

गवाम् (gavām) - from the dust of cows (of cows)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

'u' ending stem (irregular declension).

Note: Connects with 'rajaḥ' (implied with 'udvijase' regarding the dust of cows).