महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-104, verse-21

स्वाध्यायैस्तु महत्पापं तरन्ति गृहमेधिनः ।
दानैः पृथग्विधैश्चापि यथा प्राहुर्मनीषिणः ॥२१॥

21. svādhyāyaistu mahatpāpaṁ taranti gṛhamedhinaḥ ,
dānaiḥ pṛthagvidhaiścāpi yathā prāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ.

21. svādhyāyaiḥ tu mahat pāpam taranti gṛhamedhinaḥ
dānaiḥ pṛthagvidhaiḥ ca api yathā prāhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ

21. Householders, however, overcome great sin through regular study (svādhyāya) and also through various kinds of donations (dāna), just as the wise sages declare.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वाध्यायैः (svādhyāyaiḥ) - through regular study (by Vedic study, by self-study, by recitation of sacred texts)

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, big, important

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness

• तरन्ति (taranti) - they cross, they overcome, they pass over

• गृहमेधिनः (gṛhamedhinaḥ) - householders

• दानैः (dānaiḥ) - by gifts, by donations, by acts of charity

• पृथग्विधैः (pṛthagvidhaiḥ) - by various kinds, by diverse sorts

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they speak

• मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - wise ones, sages, thoughtful persons

Words meanings and morphology

स्वाध्यायैः (svādhyāyaiḥ) - through regular study (by Vedic study, by self-study, by recitation of sacred texts)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, Vedic study, recitation of sacred texts

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – self, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• adhyāya – study, lesson, chapter
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, big, important

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, eminent

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wickedness, bad action

तरन्ति (taranti) - they cross, they overcome, they pass over

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of tṛ

Present Active

3rd person plural, Present, Active voice, Parasmaipada (from root tṛ, class 1)

Root: tṛ (class 1)

गृहमेधिनः (gṛhamedhinaḥ) - householders

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gṛhamedhin

gṛhamedhin - householder, one who performs domestic rites

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+medhin)

• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)
• medhin – one who associates with, one who has, sacrificer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root medh (to thrive, associate) or related to yajña
  Root: medh (class 1)

दानैः (dānaiḥ) - by gifts, by donations, by acts of charity

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of dāna

dāna - gift, donation, charity, giving

Noun of action

From root dā (3rd class)

Root: dā (class 3)

पृथग्विधैः (pṛthagvidhaiḥ) - by various kinds, by diverse sorts

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pṛthagvidha

pṛthagvidha - of various kinds, diverse

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pṛthak+vidha)

• pṛthak – separately, distinctively, variously
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, sort, type
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of prah

Perfect Active

3rd person plural, Perfect, Active voice, Parasmaipada (from root brū, irregular formation with prefix pra)

Prefix: pra

Root: brū (class 2)

मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - wise ones, sages, thoughtful persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manīṣin

manīṣin - wise, thoughtful, sage, intelligent person