महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-104, verse-4

साधुभिर्गर्हितं कर्म चण्डालस्य विधीयते ।
कस्माद्गोरजसा ध्वस्तमपां कुण्डे निषिञ्चसि ॥४॥

4. sādhubhirgarhitaṁ karma caṇḍālasya vidhīyate ,
kasmādgorajasā dhvastamapāṁ kuṇḍe niṣiñcasi.

4. sādhubhiḥ garhitam karma caṇḍālasya vidhīyate
kasmāt gorajasā dhvastam apām kuṇḍe niṣiñcasi

4. sādhubhiḥ garhitam karma caṇḍālasya vidhīyate
kasmāt gorajasā dhvastam apām kuṇḍe niṣiñcasi

4. Actions condemned by the virtuous are prescribed for a caṇḍāla. Why do you pour water, defiled by the dust of cows, into a vessel?

Words meanings summery:

• साधुभिः (sādhubhiḥ) - by virtuous people (by good people, by righteous ones, by sages)

• गर्हितम् (garhitam) - condemned, disapproved (condemned, censured, blamed)

• कर्म (karma) - actions (karma) (action, deed, ritual action, fate)

• चण्डालस्य (caṇḍālasya) - for a caṇḍāla (of a caṇḍāla)

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed, is customary (is prescribed, is enacted, is performed)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why)

• गोरजसा (gorajasā) - by the dust of cows (by cow dust, with cow dust)

• ध्वस्तम् (dhvastam) - defiled, tainted (defiled, destroyed, ruined, covered)

• अपाम् (apām) - of water (of waters, of water)

• कुण्डे (kuṇḍe) - into a vessel (or basin) (in a pot, in a basin, in a vessel)

• निषिञ्चसि (niṣiñcasi) - you pour (water) (you pour, you sprinkle)

Words meanings and morphology

साधुभिः (sādhubhiḥ) - by virtuous people (by good people, by righteous ones, by sages)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, holy man, sage

From root 'sādh' (to accomplish).

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Agent of 'garhitam'.

गर्हितम् (garhitam) - condemned, disapproved (condemned, censured, blamed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of garhita

garhita - censured, blamed, contemptible, despicable

Past Passive Participle

From root 'garh' (to blame, reproach).

Root: garh (class 1)

कर्म (karma) - actions (karma) (action, deed, ritual action, fate)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, effect of actions

From root 'kṛ' (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

चण्डालस्य (caṇḍālasya) - for a caṇḍāla (of a caṇḍāla)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of caṇḍāla

caṇḍāla - an outcaste, an untouchable (born of a śūdra father and brāhmaṇa mother, or similar mixed unions)

Note: Possessive, indicating the person for whom the actions are prescribed.

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed, is customary (is prescribed, is enacted, is performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dhā

present passive indicative 3rd singular

Root 'dhā' (3rd class, juhotyādi). With prefix 'vi'. Passive stem 'dhīyate'.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which; why, wherefore

Pronominal stem.

Note: Used as an interrogative adverb for 'why'.

गोरजसा (gorajasā) - by the dust of cows (by cow dust, with cow dust)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of gorajas

gorajas - cow-dust

Compound. 'go' (cow) + 'rajas' (dust).

Compound type : tatpurusha (go+rajas)

• go – cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light
  noun (feminine)
• rajas – dust, dirt, pollen, menstrual fluid, passion (guṇa)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrument for defilement.

ध्वस्तम् (dhvastam) - defiled, tainted (defiled, destroyed, ruined, covered)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhvasta

dhvasta - destroyed, fallen, defiled, soiled, covered

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dhvaṃs' (to fall down, destroy, be scattered).

Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

Note: Refers to the water being poured.

अपाम् (apām) - of water (of waters, of water)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water, waters

Declines only in plural. Irregular declension.

Note: Acts as the object of 'niṣiñcasi' in a genitive sense.

कुण्डे (kuṇḍe) - into a vessel (or basin) (in a pot, in a basin, in a vessel)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kuṇḍa

kuṇḍa - bowl, pot, basin, pool, pit for fire

Note: Denotes the location of pouring.

निषिञ्चसि (niṣiñcasi) - you pour (water) (you pour, you sprinkle)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of siñc

present active indicative 2nd singular

Root 'siñc' (6th class, tudādi). With prefix 'ni'. 'ṣ' due to 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: siñc (class 6)

Note: Refers to the caṇḍāla's action.