महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-104, verse-5

चण्डाल उवाच ।
ब्राह्मणस्य गवां राजन्ह्रियतीनां रजः पुरा ।
सोममुद्ध्वंसयामास तं सोमं येऽपिबन्द्विजाः ॥५॥

5. caṇḍāla uvāca ,
brāhmaṇasya gavāṁ rājanhriyatīnāṁ rajaḥ purā ,
somamuddhvaṁsayāmāsa taṁ somaṁ ye'pibandvijāḥ.

5. caṇḍāla uvāca brāhmaṇasya gavām rājan hriyatīnām rajaḥ
purā somam uddhvaṃsayāmāsa tam somam ye apiban dvijāḥ

5. caṇḍāla uvāca rājan purā brāhmaṇasya hriyatīnām gavām
rajaḥ somam uddhvaṃsayāmāsa tam somam ye dvijāḥ apiban

5. The caṇḍāla said: O king, long ago, the dust of a brāhmaṇa's cows, while they were being carried away (stolen), defiled that very Soma (soma) which the twice-born (dvija) had drunk.

Words meanings summery:

• चण्डाल (caṇḍāla) - The caṇḍāla (subject of 'uvāca') (The caṇḍāla)

• उवाच (uvāca) - The caṇḍāla said (said, spoke)

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brāhmaṇa

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressing the kshatriya) (O king)

• ह्रियतीनाम् (hriyatīnām) - of those (cows) being stolen (of those being carried away, of those being stolen)

• रजः (rajaḥ) - dust (dust, dirt)

• पुरा (purā) - long ago, in the past (formerly, anciently, in front of)

• सोमम् (somam) - Soma (the ritual drink) (Soma juice, Soma plant, Moon)

• उद्ध्वंसयामास (uddhvaṁsayāmāsa) - it defiled, it corrupted (it caused to be destroyed, it defiled, it corrupted)

• तम् (tam) - that (masculine accusative singular) (that, him)

• सोमम् (somam) - Soma (the ritual drink) (Soma juice, Soma plant, Moon)

• ये (ye) - those who (who (masculine plural nominative))

• अपिबन् (apiban) - they drank

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - the twice-born (dvija), specifically brāhmaṇas (the twice-born (brāhmaṇas, kshatriyas, vaiśyas))

Words meanings and morphology

चण्डाल (caṇḍāla) - The caṇḍāla (subject of 'uvāca') (The caṇḍāla)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caṇḍāla

caṇḍāla - an outcaste, an untouchable (born of a śūdra father and brāhmaṇa mother, or similar mixed unions)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - The caṇḍāla said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative 3rd singular

Root 'vac' (2nd class, adādi), perfect 'uvāca' (irregular formation for some roots).

Root: vac (class 2)

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brāhmaṇa

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brāhmaṇa (member of the priestly class), priestly

From 'brahman'.

Note: Qualifies 'gavām'.

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

'u' ending stem (irregular declension).

Note: Qualifies 'hriyatīnām'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressing the kshatriya) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

'n'-stem noun.

ह्रियतीनाम् (hriyatīnām) - of those (cows) being stolen (of those being carried away, of those being stolen)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, plural of hriyatī

hriyatī - being carried away, being stolen (feminine)

Present Passive Participle

From root 'hṛ' (to carry, to take) in passive ('hriyate') + 'ī' for feminine, then declined.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

रजः (rajaḥ) - dust (dust, dirt)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, pollen, menstrual fluid, passion (guṇa)

Note: The dust is the agent of defilement.

पुरा (purā) - long ago, in the past (formerly, anciently, in front of)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'pur' (former).

सोमम् (somam) - Soma (the ritual drink) (Soma juice, Soma plant, Moon)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of soma

soma - Soma plant, its juice (an intoxicating sacrificial drink), the moon, a name of Kubera

उद्ध्वंसयामास (uddhvaṁsayāmāsa) - it defiled, it corrupted (it caused to be destroyed, it defiled, it corrupted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dhvaṃs

perfect active causative 3rd singular

Root 'dhvaṃs' (1st class, bhvādi). Causative stem 'dhvaṃsāya' with prefix 'ud'. Periphrastic perfect formation with 'āmāsa'.

Prefix: ud

Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'rajaḥ'.

तम् (tam) - that (masculine accusative singular) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Pronominal stem.

Note: Refers to 'somam'.

सोमम् (somam) - Soma (the ritual drink) (Soma juice, Soma plant, Moon)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of soma

soma - Soma plant, its juice (an intoxicating sacrificial drink), the moon, a name of Kubera

Note: Object of 'apiban'.

ये (ye) - those who (who (masculine plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Relative pronominal stem.

Note: Subject of 'apiban'.

अपिबन् (apiban) - they drank

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pā

imperfect active indicative 3rd plural

Root 'pā' (1st class, bhvādi). Imperfect form with augment 'a'.

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Refers to the dvijāḥ.

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - the twice-born (dvija), specifically brāhmaṇas (the twice-born (brāhmaṇas, kshatriyas, vaiśyas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a brāhmaṇa, kshatriya, or vaiśya; also bird, snake, tooth)

Compound 'dvi' (twice) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced, originating from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the relative clause 'ye apiban'.