महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-98, verse-4

उपरुन्धन्ति राजानो भूतानि विजयार्थिनः ।
त एव विजयं प्राप्य वर्धयन्ति पुनः प्रजाः ॥४॥

4. uparundhanti rājāno bhūtāni vijayārthinaḥ ,
ta eva vijayaṁ prāpya vardhayanti punaḥ prajāḥ.

4. uparundhanti rājānaḥ bhūtāni vijayārthinaḥ te
eva vijayaṃ prāpya vardhayanti punaḥ prajāḥ

4. vijayārthinaḥ rājānaḥ bhūtāni uparundhanti te
eva vijayaṃ prāpya punaḥ prajāḥ vardhayanti

4. Kings, when desirous of victory, may oppress their subjects. However, once they achieve victory, those very kings again work to uplift and prosper their people.

Words meanings summery:

• उपरुन्धन्ति (uparundhanti) - they oppress, they besiege, they obstruct

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, people

• विजयार्थिनः (vijayārthinaḥ) - desirous of victory, seeking victory

• ते (te) - those (masculine plural nominative)

• एव (eva) - indeed, very, only

• विजयं (vijayaṁ) - victory, triumph

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached

• वर्धयन्ति (vardhayanti) - they cause to increase, they make to prosper

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, offspring

Words meanings and morphology

उपरुन्धन्ति (uparundhanti) - they oppress, they besiege, they obstruct

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of uparudh

present active third person plural

Root rudh, class 7 (rudhādigana), present tense, parasmaipada, prefixed with upa-.

Prefix: upa

Root: rudh (class 7)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, people

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, what has been

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhū (to be, exist).

Root: bhū (class 1)

विजयार्थिनः (vijayārthinaḥ) - desirous of victory, seeking victory

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vijayārthin

vijayārthin - desirous of victory, seeking victory

Compound: vijaya (victory) + arthin (desirous of).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vijaya+arthin)

• vijaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from vi- + ji-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ji (class 1)
• arthin – desirous of, seeking, supplicant
  adjective (masculine)
  From artha (purpose, object) + -in (possessing).

ते (te) - those (masculine plural nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

एव (eva) - indeed, very, only

(indeclinable)

विजयं (vijayaṁ) - victory, triumph

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

Derived from vi- + ji-.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form from root āp (to obtain) prefixed with pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

वर्धयन्ति (vardhayanti) - they cause to increase, they make to prosper

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vardh

causative present active third person plural

Causative of root vṛdh (to grow), present tense, parasmaipada.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover

(indeclinable)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, offspring

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects, people

Derived from pra- + jan-.

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)