महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-98, verse-26

इदं दुःखमहो कष्टं पापीय इति निष्टनन् ।
प्रतिध्वस्तमुखः पूतिरमात्यान्बहु शोचयन् ॥२६॥

26. idaṁ duḥkhamaho kaṣṭaṁ pāpīya iti niṣṭanan ,
pratidhvastamukhaḥ pūtiramātyānbahu śocayan.

26. idam duḥkham aho kaṣṭam pāpīya iti niṣṭanan
pratidhvastamukhaḥ pūtiḥ amātyān bahu śocayan

26. idam duḥkham,
aho kaṣṭam,
pāpīya iti niṣṭanan,
pratidhvastamukhaḥ,
pūtiḥ,
bahu amātyān śocayan (asti)

26. Groaning "Oh, this is misery! This suffering is truly wretched!", with a downcast face, becoming putrid, and greatly lamenting his ministers.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

• अहो (aho) - oh!, alas!

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - distress, suffering, difficulty

• पापीय (pāpīya) - most sinful, most wretched

• इति (iti) - thus, so (marks quoted speech or thought)

• निष्टनन् (niṣṭanan) - groaning, wailing

• प्रतिध्वस्तमुखः (pratidhvastamukhaḥ) - with a downcast/dejected face

• पूतिः (pūtiḥ) - putrid, decaying, foul-smelling

• अमात्यान् (amātyān) - ministers

• बहु (bahu) - much, greatly

• शोचयन् (śocayan) - lamenting, grieving

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery, uneasiness

अहो (aho) - oh!, alas!

(indeclinable)

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - distress, suffering, difficulty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - distress, pain, difficulty, suffering; difficult, painful

पापीय (pāpīya) - most sinful, most wretched

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpīyas

pāpīyas - more evil, more sinful, more wretched (comparative/superlative of pāpa)

comparative

Comparative form derived from 'pāpa' (evil, sinful). Here implying 'most wretched' in an exclamatory sense.

इति (iti) - thus, so (marks quoted speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

निष्टनन् (niṣṭanan) - groaning, wailing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣṭanat

niṣṭanat - groaning, wailing

Present Active Participle

From root 'stan' (to sound, thunder, groan) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: stan (class 1)

प्रतिध्वस्तमुखः (pratidhvastamukhaḥ) - with a downcast/dejected face

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratidhvastamukha

pratidhvastamukha - having a downcast, dejected, or ruined face

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pratidhvasta+mukha)

• pratidhvasta – broken down, destroyed, dejected, fallen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root dhvaṃs 'to fall, perish' with prefix prati
  Prefix: prati
  Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

पूतिः (pūtiḥ) - putrid, decaying, foul-smelling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūti

pūti - decay, stench, foul smell; (as adjective) putrid, foul-smelling

अमात्यान् (amātyān) - ministers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amātya

amātya - a minister, counsellor, companion, colleague

बहु (bahu) - much, greatly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an adverb.

शोचयन् (śocayan) - lamenting, grieving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śocayat

śocayat - lamenting, causing sorrow, making mourn

Present Active Participle (causative)

From causative stem of root 'śuc' (to grieve, sorrow).

Root: śuc (class 1)