महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-98, verse-31

सर्वो योधः परं त्यक्तुमाविष्टस्त्यक्तजीवितः ।
प्राप्नोतीन्द्रस्य सालोक्यं शूरः पृष्ठमदर्शयन् ॥३१॥

31. sarvo yodhaḥ paraṁ tyaktumāviṣṭastyaktajīvitaḥ ,
prāpnotīndrasya sālokyaṁ śūraḥ pṛṣṭhamadarśayan.

31. sarvaḥ yodhaḥ param tyaktum āviṣṭaḥ tyaktajīvitaḥ
prāpnoti indrasya sālokyam śūraḥ pṛṣṭham adarśayan

31. sarvaḥ yodhaḥ param tyaktum āviṣṭaḥ tyaktajīvitaḥ
śūraḥ pṛṣṭham adarśayan indrasya sālokyam prāpnoti

31. Every warrior (yodha) who is resolved to abandon all ultimate attachments and has sacrificed his life, attains the co-existence (sālokya) with Indra as a hero (śūra), without ever showing his back.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - every, all, whole

• योधः (yodhaḥ) - warrior, fighter

• परम् (param) - Refers to ultimate attachments, fear, or desire for life itself, which the warrior is resolved to abandon. (supreme, ultimate, other, highest)

• त्यक्तुम् (tyaktum) - to abandon, to give up, to relinquish

• आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - intent on, possessed by, resolved

• त्यक्तजीवितः (tyaktajīvitaḥ) - having given up life, fearless of death, self-sacrificing

• प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains, obtains, reaches

• इन्द्रस्य (indrasya) - Of the god Indra, king of devas. (of Indra)

• सालोक्यम् (sālokyam) - Attaining the same heavenly abode or realm as Indra. (co-existence, sameness of world, dwelling in the same realm)

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - a hero, a brave man

• पृष्ठम् (pṛṣṭham) - His back (not showing it implies not fleeing or turning away from battle). (back, rear)

• अदर्शयन् (adarśayan) - Not turning his back (in flight, implying bravery and facing the enemy). (not showing, without showing)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - every, all, whole

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with yodhaḥ.

योधः (yodhaḥ) - warrior, fighter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

From root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh

Note: Subject of the sentence.

परम् (param) - Refers to ultimate attachments, fear, or desire for life itself, which the warrior is resolved to abandon. (supreme, ultimate, other, highest)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, supreme, highest, ultimate, beyond

Note: Object of the infinitive tyaktum.

त्यक्तुम् (tyaktum) - to abandon, to give up, to relinquish

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed with suffix -tum.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - intent on, possessed by, resolved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āviṣṭa

viś - to enter, to pervade

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root viś with prefix ā and suffix -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

त्यक्तजीवितः (tyaktajīvitaḥ) - having given up life, fearless of death, self-sacrificing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyaktajīvita

tyaktajīvita - one who has given up life, fearless of death

Bahuvrīhi compound: one whose life (jīvita) has been given up (tyakta).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tyakta+jīvita)

• tyakta – abandoned, given up, forsaken
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root tyaj with suffix -ta.
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• jīvita – life, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jīv

प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains, obtains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prāp

Present active

Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular, present tense, with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

इन्द्रस्य (indrasya) - Of the god Indra, king of devas. (of Indra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra, chief of the gods

Note: Qualifies sālokyam.

सालोक्यम् (sālokyam) - Attaining the same heavenly abode or realm as Indra. (co-existence, sameness of world, dwelling in the same realm)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sālokya

sālokya - co-existence, state of being in the same world, sameness of world

Derived from sa-loka (with the world/people) + suffix -ya.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sa+loka)

• sa – with, together with, same
  indeclinable
  prefix
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of prāpnoti.

शूरः (śūraḥ) - a hero, a brave man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valiant, warrior

Root: śū

Note: Appositive to yodhaḥ.

पृष्ठम् (pṛṣṭham) - His back (not showing it implies not fleeing or turning away from battle). (back, rear)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pṛṣṭha

pṛṣṭha - back, rear, surface, top

Root: pṛṣ

Note: Object of adarśayan.

अदर्शयन् (adarśayan) - Not turning his back (in flight, implying bravery and facing the enemy). (not showing, without showing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adarśayat

adarśayat - not showing, not causing to see

Present Active Participle

Formed from the causal of root dṛś (darś-) with negative prefix 'a-' and the participle suffix -śatṛ.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+darśayat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• darśayat – showing, causing to see
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle (Causal)
  Formed from the causal of root dṛś (darś-) with the participle suffix -śatṛ.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies yodhaḥ / śūraḥ, meaning 'while not showing' or 'not having shown'.