महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-98, verse-19

पतत्यभिमुखः शूरः परान्भीरुः पलायते ।
आस्थायास्वर्ग्यमध्वानं सहायान्विषमे त्यजन् ॥१९॥

19. patatyabhimukhaḥ śūraḥ parānbhīruḥ palāyate ,
āsthāyāsvargyamadhvānaṁ sahāyānviṣame tyajan.

19. patati abhimukhaḥ śūraḥ parān bhīruḥ palāyate |
āsthāya asvargyam adhvānam sahāyān viṣame tyajan

19. śūraḥ abhimukhaḥ patati,
(kintu) bhīruḥ parān palāyate; (saḥ) viṣame sahāyān tyajan asvargyam adhvānam āsthāya.

19. A hero falls (fights until death) facing the enemy, whereas a coward flees from foes, taking a path that does not lead to heaven, abandoning his companions in times of distress.

Words meanings summery:

• पतति (patati) - (fights until) falls (down) (falls, falls down, perishes)

• अभिमुखः (abhimukhaḥ) - facing (the enemy) (facing, turned towards, confronting)

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - a hero, a brave person, valiant

• परान् (parān) - enemies, foes, others

• भीरुः (bhīruḥ) - a coward, fearful, timid

• पलायते (palāyate) - flees, runs away, escapes

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - taking (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, having adopted)

• अस्वर्ग्यम् (asvargyam) - ignoble (not leading to heaven) (not leading to heaven, unheavenly, ignoble)

• अध्वानम् (adhvānam) - path, road, way

• सहायान् (sahāyān) - companions, helpers, allies

• विषमे (viṣame) - in times of distress (in difficulty, in distress, in a difficult situation)

• त्यजन् (tyajan) - abandoning, leaving, forsaking

Words meanings and morphology

पतति (patati) - (fights until) falls (down) (falls, falls down, perishes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pat

present tense

3rd person singular, active voice

Root: pat (class 1)

अभिमुखः (abhimukhaḥ) - facing (the enemy) (facing, turned towards, confronting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing, turned towards, confronting, present

शूरः (śūraḥ) - a hero, a brave person, valiant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valiant, a warrior

परान् (parān) - enemies, foes, others

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, foe

भीरुः (bhīruḥ) - a coward, fearful, timid

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīru

bhīru - coward, fearful, timid

पलायते (palāyate) - flees, runs away, escapes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of palāyate

present tense

3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Prefix: palā

Root: i (class 2)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - taking (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, having adopted)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root sthā with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

अस्वर्ग्यम् (asvargyam) - ignoble (not leading to heaven) (not leading to heaven, unheavenly, ignoble)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asvargya

asvargya - not leading to heaven, unheavenly, undesirable

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+svargya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• svargya – leading to heaven, heavenly, celestial
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from svar (heaven) with suffix -ya

अध्वानम् (adhvānam) - path, road, way

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhvan

adhvan - path, road, way, journey

सहायान् (sahāyān) - companions, helpers, allies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sahāya

sahāya - companion, helper, ally, assistant

विषमे (viṣame) - in times of distress (in difficulty, in distress, in a difficult situation)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of viṣama

viṣama - uneven, difficult, critical, adverse (used as noun: difficulty, distress)

Note: Used as a noun, referring to a difficult situation.

त्यजन् (tyajan) - abandoning, leaving, forsaking

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyajat

tyajat - abandoning, leaving, forsaking

Present Active Participle

Derived from root tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)