महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-98, verse-3

भीष्म उवाच ।
निग्रहेण च पापानां साधूनां प्रग्रहेण च ।
यज्ञैर्दानैश्च राजानो भवन्ति शुचयोऽमलाः ॥३॥

3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
nigraheṇa ca pāpānāṁ sādhūnāṁ pragraheṇa ca ,
yajñairdānaiśca rājāno bhavanti śucayo'malāḥ.

3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca nigraheṇa ca pāpānām sādhūnām pragraheṇa
ca yajñaiḥ dānaiḥ ca rājānaḥ bhavanti śucayaḥ amalāḥ

3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca rājānaḥ pāpānām nigraheṇa ca sādhūnām
pragraheṇa ca yajñaiḥ dānaiḥ ca śucayaḥ amalāḥ bhavanti

3. Bhīṣma said: "Kings become pure and spotless by restraining the wicked and supporting the virtuous, and also through Vedic rituals (yajña) and donations (dāna)."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The grand-uncle of the Kuru princes in the Mahābhārata. (Bhīṣma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• निग्रहेण (nigraheṇa) - by restraining, by suppressing, by controlling

• च (ca) - and, also

• पापानाम् (pāpānām) - of the wicked, of the sinful

• साधूनाम् (sādhūnām) - of the virtuous, of the good

• प्रग्रहेण (pragraheṇa) - by supporting, by favoring, by protecting

• च (ca) - and, also

• यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by sacrifices (yajña)

• दानैः (dānaiḥ) - by gifts, by donations (dāna)

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

• शुचयः (śucayaḥ) - pure, clean, virtuous

• अमलाः (amalāḥ) - spotless, blameless, pure

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The grand-uncle of the Kuru princes in the Mahābhārata. (Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable (name of a warrior)

From root bhīṣ (to be dreadful)

Root: bhīṣ (class 10)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

निग्रहेण (nigraheṇa) - by restraining, by suppressing, by controlling

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nigraha

nigraha - restraint, suppression, control, punishment

derived from root grah with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पापानाम् (pāpānām) - of the wicked, of the sinful

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wicked (noun/adjective)

Note: Refers to 'wicked persons'.

साधूनाम् (sādhūnām) - of the virtuous, of the good

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, holy man, saint

derived from root sādh

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Refers to 'virtuous persons'.

प्रग्रहेण (pragraheṇa) - by supporting, by favoring, by protecting

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pragraha

pragraha - support, favor, protection, control, holding forth

derived from root grah with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by sacrifices (yajña)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, ritual, worship (yajña)

derived from root yaj

Root: yaj (class 1)

दानैः (dānaiḥ) - by gifts, by donations (dāna)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of dāna

dāna - gift, donation, giving (dāna)

derived from root dā

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

n-stem noun

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

present tense

3rd person plural present active

Root: bhū (class 1)

शुचयः (śucayaḥ) - pure, clean, virtuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, bright, virtuous

Note: Agrees with rājānaḥ.

अमलाः (amalāḥ) - spotless, blameless, pure

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amala

amala - spotless, pure, clean, faultless (A-privative + mala)

Compound: a (not) + mala (impurity)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+mala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• mala – dirt, impurity, fault, sin
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with rājānaḥ.