महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-98, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
क्षत्रधर्मान्न पापीयान्धर्मोऽस्ति भरतर्षभ ।
अभियाने च युद्धे च राजा हन्ति महाजनम् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kṣatradharmānna pāpīyāndharmo'sti bharatarṣabha ,
abhiyāne ca yuddhe ca rājā hanti mahājanam.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kṣatradharmāt na pāpīyān dharmaḥ asti
bharatarṣabha abhiyāne ca yuddhe ca rājā hanti mahājanam

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bharatarṣabha kṣatradharmāt na pāpīyān
dharmaḥ asti abhiyāne ca yuddhe ca rājā mahājanam hanti

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "O best of Bharatas, there is no more sinful duty (dharma) than the code of conduct (dharma) for a warrior. For in campaigns and battles, a king slays many people."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava prince. (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• क्षत्रधर्मात् (kṣatradharmāt) - than the duty (dharma) of a warrior, than the code of conduct for kṣatriyas

• न (na) - not, no

• पापीयान् (pāpīyān) - more sinful, worse

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty (dharma), righteousness, natural law

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Addressing Bhīṣma (O best of Bharatas (a royal lineage))

• अभियाने (abhiyāne) - in campaign, in attack

• च (ca) - and, also

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in war, in battle

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• हन्ति (hanti) - kills, strikes, destroys

• महाजनम् (mahājanam) - many people, great multitude

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava prince. (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle (name of a king)

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : aluk tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

क्षत्रधर्मात् (kṣatradharmāt) - than the duty (dharma) of a warrior, than the code of conduct for kṣatriyas

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - duty (dharma) of a warrior, code of conduct for kṣatriyas

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – warrior class, dominion, power
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – duty, constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पापीयान् (pāpīyān) - more sinful, worse

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpīyas

pāpīyas - more sinful, worse (comparative adjective from pāpa)

comparative degree of pāpa

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty (dharma), righteousness, natural law

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature (dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

present tense

3rd person singular present active

Root: as (class 2)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Addressing Bhīṣma (O best of Bharatas (a royal lineage))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best/bull among Bharatas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a king of the lunar dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, preeminent one
  noun (masculine)

अभियाने (abhiyāne) - in campaign, in attack

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of abhiyāna

abhiyāna - campaign, attack, march against

derived from root yā with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: yā (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in war, in battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - war, battle, fight

past passive participle

from root yudh, can be noun or participle

Root: yudh (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

n-stem noun

हन्ति (hanti) - kills, strikes, destroys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

present tense

3rd person singular present active

Root: han (class 2)

महाजनम् (mahājanam) - many people, great multitude

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahājana

mahājana - great person, great multitude, common people

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+jana)

• mahat – great, large, numerous
  adjective
• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)