महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-74, verse-9

नैषामुक्षा वर्धते नोत उस्रा न गर्गरो मथ्यते नो यजन्ते ।
नैषां पुत्रा वेदमधीयते च यदा ब्रह्म क्षत्रियाः संत्यजन्ति ॥९॥

9. naiṣāmukṣā vardhate nota usrā; na gargaro mathyate no yajante ,
naiṣāṁ putrā vedamadhīyate ca; yadā brahma kṣatriyāḥ saṁtyajanti.

9. na eṣām ukṣā vardhate na uta usrā
na gargaraḥ mathyate na yajante
na eṣām putrāḥ vedam adhīyate ca
yadā brahma kṣatriyāḥ samtyajanti

9. yadā kṣatriyāḥ brahma saṃtyajanti (tadā),
eṣām ukṣā na vardhate,
uta usrā na (vardhate) gargaraḥ na mathyate,
na yajante ca eṣām putrāḥ vedam na adhīyate (ca)

9. Neither do their oxen grow, nor even a single cow. Nor is the churn agitated, nor do they perform Vedic rituals (yajña). And their sons do not study the Veda when the kṣatriyas abandon the priestly class (brahman).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these, their

• उक्षा (ukṣā) - ox, bull

• वर्धते (vardhate) - grows, increases, prospers

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• उत (uta) - and, also, even, or

• उस्रा (usrā) - cow

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• गर्गरः (gargaraḥ) - churn, churning-stick

• मथ्यते (mathyate) - is churned, is agitated

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• यजन्ते (yajante) - they perform sacrifices

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these, their

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons, children

• वेदम् (vedam) - the Veda (sacred texts)

• अधीयते (adhīyate) - they study, they learn

• च (ca) - and, also

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - the priestly class

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - kṣatriyas, warriors

• सम्त्यजन्ति (samtyajanti) - they abandon completely, they forsake

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

उक्षा (ukṣā) - ox, bull

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukṣan

ukṣan - ox, bull, large animal

वर्धते (vardhate) - grows, increases, prospers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vardhate

Present Middle

Root vṛdh, Ātmanepada

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

उत (uta) - and, also, even, or

(indeclinable)

उस्रा (usrā) - cow

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of usrā

usrā - cow, female bovine

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

गर्गरः (gargaraḥ) - churn, churning-stick

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gargara

gargara - churn, churning-stick

मथ्यते (mathyate) - is churned, is agitated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of mathyate

Present Passive

Passive form of root math (to churn, agitate)

Root: math (class 1)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

यजन्ते (yajante) - they perform sacrifices

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of yajate

Present Middle

Root yaj, Ātmanepada

Root: yaj (class 1)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons, children

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

वेदम् (vedam) - the Veda (sacred texts)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of veda

veda - sacred knowledge, the Veda (a collection of ancient Sanskrit hymns and philosophical treatises)

अधीयते (adhīyate) - they study, they learn

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of adhīyate

Present Middle

Derived from adhi- + √i (to go, hence to go over, study)

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

ब्रह्म (brahma) - the priestly class

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - the priestly class, Brahmins, sacred knowledge, the ultimate reality (brahman)

Note: Also nominative singular

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - kṣatriyas, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior class (kṣatra), ruler

सम्त्यजन्ति (samtyajanti) - they abandon completely, they forsake

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of samtyajati

Present Active

Derived from sam- + tyaj (to abandon)

Prefix: sam

Root: tyaj (class 1)