महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-74, verse-28

मिथो भेदाद्ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियाणां प्रजा दुःखं दुःसहं चाविशन्ति ।
एवं ज्ञात्वा कार्य एवेह विद्वान्पुरोहितो नैकविद्यो नृपेण ॥२८॥

28. mitho bhedādbrāhmaṇakṣatriyāṇāṁ; prajā duḥkhaṁ duḥsahaṁ cāviśanti ,
evaṁ jñātvā kārya eveha vidvā;npurohito naikavidyo nṛpeṇa.

28. mitho bhedāt brāhmaṇakṣatriyāṇāṃ
prajāḥ duḥkhaṃ duḥsahaṃ ca āviśanti
evaṃ jñātvā kāryaḥ eva iha vidvān
purohitaḥ na ekavidyaḥ nṛpeṇa

28. brāhmaṇakṣatriyāṇāṃ mitho bhedāt
prajāḥ duḥsahaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca āviśanti
evaṃ jñātvā nṛpeṇa iha vidvān
na ekavidyaḥ purohitaḥ eva kāryaḥ

28. Due to the mutual division between Brahmins and Kshatriyas, the people indeed fall into unbearable suffering. Knowing this, a king should appoint here a learned royal chaplain (purohita), who is not merely knowledgeable in one branch of study.

Words meanings summery:

• मिथो (mitho) - mutually, together, in common

• भेदात् (bhedāt) - from division, due to discord, by separation

• ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियाणां (brāhmaṇakṣatriyāṇāṁ) - of Brahmins and Kshatriyas

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, progeny

• दुःखं (duḥkhaṁ) - suffering, misery

• दुःसहं (duḥsahaṁ) - unbearable, difficult to endure

• च (ca) - and

• आविशन्ति (āviśanti) - they enter, they experience, they pervade

• एवं (evaṁ) - thus, in this manner

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing

• कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - to be done, should be done, appointed

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned, wise (one)

• पुरोहितः (purohitaḥ) - royal priest, chaplain

• न (na) - not, no

• एकविद्यः (ekavidyaḥ) - having only one branch of knowledge, not fully learned

• नृपेण (nṛpeṇa) - by the king

Words meanings and morphology

मिथो (mitho) - mutually, together, in common

(indeclinable)

भेदात् (bhedāt) - from division, due to discord, by separation

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of bheda

bheda - breaking, splitting, division, discord, difference

From √bhid 'to split'

Root: bhid (class 7)

ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियाणां (brāhmaṇakṣatriyāṇāṁ) - of Brahmins and Kshatriyas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇakṣatriya

brāhmaṇakṣatriya - Brahmins and Kshatriyas

Dvandva compound

Compound type : dvandva (brāhmaṇa+kṣatriya)

• brāhmaṇa – a Brahmin
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• kṣatriya – a Kshatriya, member of the warrior class
  noun (masculine)
  From kṣatra 'dominion'
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, progeny

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, subjects, people

From pra + √jan 'to be born'

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

दुःखं (duḥkhaṁ) - suffering, misery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

दुःसहं (duḥsahaṁ) - unbearable, difficult to endure

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥsaha

duḥsaha - difficult to bear, unbearable

From dus + √sah 'to endure'

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+saha)

• dus – bad, difficult
  indeclinable
• saha – bearing, enduring
  adjective (neuter)
  From √sah 'to bear'
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with duḥkhaṃ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आविशन्ति (āviśanti) - they enter, they experience, they pervade

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of āviś

Present Active

From ā + √viś 'to enter', Present Active 3rd Plural

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

एवं (evaṁ) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √jñā 'to know' with suffix -tvā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Absolutive

कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - to be done, should be done, appointed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, proper to be done, duty, business

Gerundive (NVA)

From √kṛ 'to do' with suffix -ya, Nominative Singular Masculine

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with purohitaḥ

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned, wise (one)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - learned, wise, knowing

Perfect Active Participle

From √vid 'to know', Nominative Singular Masculine

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with purohitaḥ

पुरोहितः (purohitaḥ) - royal priest, chaplain

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purohita

purohita - one placed at the head, a family priest, royal chaplain

From puras + √dhā 'to place' (h- form), Past Passive Participle used as noun

Compound type : tatpurusha (puras+hita)

• puras – in front, before
  indeclinable
• hita – placed, put, beneficial
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dhā 'to place'
  Root: dhā (class 3)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एकविद्यः (ekavidyaḥ) - having only one branch of knowledge, not fully learned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekavidya

ekavidya - possessing only one (branch of) knowledge

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (eka+vidyā)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (masculine)
• vidyā – knowledge, learning
  noun (feminine)
  From √vid 'to know'
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with purohitaḥ

नृपेण (nṛpeṇa) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

From nṛ 'man' + √pā 'to protect'

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector
  noun (masculine)
  From √pā 'to protect'
  Root: pā (class 2)