महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-74, verse-22

ऐल उवाच ।
यदि दण्डः स्पृशते पुण्यभाजं पापैः पापे क्रियमाणेऽविशेषात् ।
कस्य हेतोः सुकृतं नाम कुर्याद्दुष्कृतं वा कस्य हेतोर्न कुर्यात् ॥२२॥

22. aila uvāca ,
yadi daṇḍaḥ spṛśate puṇyabhājaṁ; pāpaiḥ pāpe kriyamāṇe'viśeṣāt ,
kasya hetoḥ sukṛtaṁ nāma kuryā;dduṣkṛtaṁ vā kasya hetorna kuryāt.

22. aila uvāca | yadi daṇḍaḥ spṛśate
puṇyabhājam pāpaiḥ pāpe kriyamāṇe
aviśeṣāt | kasya hetoḥ sukṛtam nāma
kuryāt duṣkṛtam vā kasya hetoḥ na kuryāt

22. aila uvāca yadi pāpe kriyamāṇe (sati)
daṇḍaḥ aviśeṣāt pāpaiḥ puṇyabhājam spṛśate
(tarhi) kasya hetoḥ sukṛtam nāma
kuryāt? vā kasya hetoḥ duṣkṛtam na kuryāt?

22. Aila replied: If punishment touches the virtuous indiscriminately when an evil (karma) is performed, then for what reason should one indeed perform meritorious actions (sukṛta), or for what reason should one not perform evil deeds (duṣkṛta)?

Words meanings summery:

• ऐल (aila) - Aila (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यदि (yadi) - if

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment, stick, staff

• स्पृशते (spṛśate) - touches, affects

• पुण्यभाजम् (puṇyabhājam) - one who shares in merit, the virtuous

• पापैः (pāpaiḥ) - by sins/evil consequences (instrumental of association or cause) (by evil ones, by bad people (or by sins))

• पापे (pāpe) - when evil (karma) is performed (in sin, in evil)

• क्रियमाणे (kriyamāṇe) - when it is being done, when performed (absolute locative construction) (being done, being performed)

• अविशेषात् (aviśeṣāt) - without distinction, indiscriminately

• कस्य (kasya) - for what (whose, of what, for what)

• हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for the reason of, for the sake of (reason, cause)

• सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - good deed, meritorious action, virtue

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle) (indeed, by name, forsooth)

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do, should perform

• दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - evil deed, sin, demerit

• वा (vā) - or

• कस्य (kasya) - for what (whose, of what, for what)

• हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for the reason of, for the sake of (reason, cause)

• न (na) - not, no

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should not perform (should do, should perform)

Words meanings and morphology

ऐल (aila) - Aila (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aila

aila - Aila, descendant of Ilā, name of Purūravas

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

perfect tense

root 'vac' (वच्), perfect active 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment, stick, staff

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, staff, punishment, chastisement, fine

स्पृशते (spṛśate) - touches, affects

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of √spṛś

present tense

root 'spṛś' (स्पृश्), present middle 3rd person singular

Root: spṛś (class 6)

पुण्यभाजम् (puṇyabhājam) - one who shares in merit, the virtuous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puṇyabhāj

puṇyabhāj - sharing in merit, virtuous, righteous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (puṇya+bhāj)

• puṇya – merit, virtue, good deed, sacred
  noun (neuter)
• bhāj – possessing, sharing, partaking
  adjective (masculine)
  root 'bhaj' (भज्) + primary suffix -in
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

पापैः (pāpaiḥ) - by sins/evil consequences (instrumental of association or cause) (by evil ones, by bad people (or by sins))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of pāpa

pāpa - evil, sin, demerit, wicked, bad person

पापे (pāpe) - when evil (karma) is performed (in sin, in evil)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, sin, demerit, wicked

क्रियमाणे (kriyamāṇe) - when it is being done, when performed (absolute locative construction) (being done, being performed)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kriyamāṇa

kriyamāṇa - being done, being performed, being made

Present Passive Participle

root 'kṛ' (कृ), present passive participle, middle voice

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Forms a locative absolute with 'pāpe'.

अविशेषात् (aviśeṣāt) - without distinction, indiscriminately

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of aviśeṣa

aviśeṣa - non-distinction, absence of difference, indiscriminateness

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+viśeṣa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• viśeṣa – distinction, difference, particularity
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Used adverbially.

कस्य (kasya) - for what (whose, of what, for what)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for the reason of, for the sake of (reason, cause)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, condition

Note: Used with genitive to mean 'for the sake of'.

सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - good deed, meritorious action, virtue

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukṛta

sukṛta - good deed, merit, virtue, well-done

Past Passive Participle (noun)

root 'kṛ' (कृ) with prefix 'su'

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+kṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  root 'kṛ' (कृ)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

नाम (nāma) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle) (indeed, by name, forsooth)

(indeclinable)

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do, should perform

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √kṛ

optative mood

root 'kṛ' (कृ), optative active 3rd person singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - evil deed, sin, demerit

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkṛta

duṣkṛta - evil deed, bad action, sin, demerit

Past Passive Participle (noun)

root 'kṛ' (कृ) with prefix 'dus'

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+kṛta)

• dus – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  root 'kṛ' (कृ)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

कस्य (kasya) - for what (whose, of what, for what)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for the reason of, for the sake of (reason, cause)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, condition

Note: Used with genitive to mean 'for the sake of'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should not perform (should do, should perform)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √kṛ

optative mood

root 'kṛ' (कृ), optative active 3rd person singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)