महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-74, verse-18

ऐल उवाच ।
कुतो रुद्रः कीदृशो वापि रुद्रः सत्त्वैः सत्त्वं दृश्यते वध्यमानम् ।
एतद्विद्वन्कश्यप मे प्रचक्ष्व यतो रुद्रो जायते देव एषः ॥१८॥

18. aila uvāca ,
kuto rudraḥ kīdṛśo vāpi rudraḥ; sattvaiḥ sattvaṁ dṛśyate vadhyamānam ,
etadvidvankaśyapa me pracakṣva; yato rudro jāyate deva eṣaḥ.

18. ailaḥ uvāca kutaḥ rudraḥ kīdṛśaḥ vā
api rudraḥ sattvaiḥ sattvam dṛśyate
vadhyamānam etat vidvan kaśyapa me
pracakṣva yataḥ rudraḥ jāyate devaḥ eṣaḥ

18. ailaḥ uvāca: he vidvan kaśyapa,
kutaḥ rudraḥ? vā api kīdṛśaḥ rudraḥ? sattvam sattvaiḥ vadhyamānam dṛśyate.
yataḥ eṣaḥ devaḥ rudraḥ jāyate,
etat me pracakṣva

18. Aila said: 'From where does Rudra come, or what kind of Rudra (rudra) is he? (For) one being (sattvam) is seen being killed by other beings (sattvaiḥ). O wise Kaśyapa, explain this to me: from whom does this god Rudra arise?'

Words meanings summery:

• ऐलः (ailaḥ) - Aila (a king, son of Ilā and Budha, also known as Purūravas)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where, whence, why

• रुद्रः (rudraḥ) - Rudra (a fierce Vedic deity, later identified with Shiva)

• कीदृशः (kīdṛśaḥ) - of what kind, what sort of

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अपि (api) - even, also, indeed

• रुद्रः (rudraḥ) - Rudra (a fierce Vedic deity, later identified with Shiva)

• सत्त्वैः (sattvaiḥ) - by beings, by creatures

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - a being, a creature, an essence

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

• वध्यमानम् (vadhyamānam) - being killed, being slain

• एतत् (etat) - this, this (thing)

• विद्वन् (vidvan) - O learned one, O wise one

• कश्यप (kaśyapa) - O Kaśyapa (a revered sage)

• मे (me) - to me, for me (dative/genitive of 'I')

• प्रचक्ष्व (pracakṣva) - tell, explain, declare

• यतः (yataḥ) - from whom, from which, because

• रुद्रः (rudraḥ) - Rudra

• जायते (jāyate) - arises, is born

• देवः (devaḥ) - god, deity

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (one)

Words meanings and morphology

ऐलः (ailaḥ) - Aila (a king, son of Ilā and Budha, also known as Purūravas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aila

aila - son of Ilā, name of a king (Purūravas)

Patronymic from Ilā

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect

Reduplicated perfect form of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where, whence, why

(indeclinable)

from kim + tas

रुद्रः (rudraḥ) - Rudra (a fierce Vedic deity, later identified with Shiva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - Rudra, roarer, howler (name of a Vedic deity)

from root rud (to cry, to roar)

Root: rud (class 2)

कीदृशः (kīdṛśaḥ) - of what kind, what sort of

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kīdṛśa

kīdṛśa - of what kind, what sort of, like what

from kim (what) + dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, indeed

(indeclinable)

रुद्रः (rudraḥ) - Rudra (a fierce Vedic deity, later identified with Shiva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - Rudra, roarer, howler (name of a Vedic deity)

from root rud (to cry, to roar)

Root: rud (class 2)

सत्त्वैः (sattvaiḥ) - by beings, by creatures

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sattva

sattva - being, creature, essence, reality

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - a being, a creature, an essence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - being, creature, essence, reality

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Object of dṛśyate and vadhyamānam.

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Passive form of root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वध्यमानम् (vadhyamānam) - being killed, being slain

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being slain

Present Passive Participle

From root vadh (to kill) with passive suffix -yamāna

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies sattvam.

एतत् (etat) - this, this (thing)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of pracakṣva.

विद्वन् (vidvan) - O learned one, O wise one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - learned, wise, knowing

Perfect Active Participle

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

कश्यप (kaśyapa) - O Kaśyapa (a revered sage)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaśyapa

kaśyapa - Kaśyapa (name of a revered sage)

मे (me) - to me, for me (dative/genitive of 'I')

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I, myself

First person pronoun, enclitic form

प्रचक्ष्व (pracakṣva) - tell, explain, declare

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of cakṣ

Imperative, second person singular, Ātmanepada, with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

यतः (yataḥ) - from whom, from which, because

(indeclinable)

from yad + tas

रुद्रः (rudraḥ) - Rudra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - Rudra, roarer, howler (name of a Vedic deity)

from root rud (to cry, to roar)

Root: rud (class 2)

जायते (jāyate) - arises, is born

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Passive or Middle voice form of root jan

Root: jan (class 4)

देवः (devaḥ) - god, deity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

from div (to shine)

Root: div (class 4)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun