महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-74, verse-10

नैषामुक्षा वर्धते जातु गेहे नाधीयते सप्रजा नो यजन्ते ।
अपध्वस्ता दस्युभूता भवन्ति ये ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रियान्संत्यजन्ति ॥१०॥

10. naiṣāmukṣā vardhate jātu gehe; nādhīyate saprajā no yajante ,
apadhvastā dasyubhūtā bhavanti; ye brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyānsaṁtyajanti.

10. na eṣām ukṣā vardhate jātu gehe na
adhīyate sa-prajāḥ na yajante
apadhvastāḥ dasyubhūtāḥ bhavanti ye
brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyān samtyajanti

10. eṣām ukṣā jātu gehe na vardhate sa-prajāḥ na adhīyate,
na yajante (ca) ye brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyān saṃtyajanti,
(te) apadhvastāḥ dasyubhūtāḥ bhavanti

10. Their oxen never grow in the house, nor do their offspring study (the Vedas), nor do they perform Vedic rituals (yajña). Those Brahmins who abandon the kṣatriyas become ruined and like robbers (dasyu).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these, their

• उक्षा (ukṣā) - ox, bull

• वर्धते (vardhate) - grows, increases, prospers

• जातु (jātu) - never (with 'na') (ever, at any time, possibly)

• गेहे (gehe) - in the house, home

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• अधीयते (adhīyate) - they study, they learn

• स-प्रजाः (sa-prajāḥ) - their offspring/people (with offspring, having progeny, people)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• यजन्ते (yajante) - they perform sacrifices

• अपध्वस्ताः (apadhvastāḥ) - ruined, destroyed, degraded

• दस्युभूताः (dasyubhūtāḥ) - like robbers (become robbers, transformed into robbers)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are, they exist

• ये (ye) - who, which (plural)

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

• क्षत्रियान् (kṣatriyān) - kṣatriyas, warriors

• सम्त्यजन्ति (samtyajanti) - they abandon completely, they forsake

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

उक्षा (ukṣā) - ox, bull

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukṣan

ukṣan - ox, bull, large animal

वर्धते (vardhate) - grows, increases, prospers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vardhate

Present Middle

Root vṛdh, Ātmanepada

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

जातु (jātu) - never (with 'na') (ever, at any time, possibly)

(indeclinable)

गेहे (gehe) - in the house, home

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of geha

geha - house, dwelling, home

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

अधीयते (adhīyate) - they study, they learn

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of adhīyate

Present Middle

Derived from adhi- + √i (to go, hence to go over, study)

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

स-प्रजाः (sa-prajāḥ) - their offspring/people (with offspring, having progeny, people)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sa-prajā

sa-prajā - with offspring, having progeny, people, subjects

Bahuvrihi compound: sa (with) + prajā (offspring)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+prajā)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• prajā – offspring, progeny, people, subjects
  noun (feminine)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

यजन्ते (yajante) - they perform sacrifices

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of yajate

Present Middle

Root yaj, Ātmanepada

Root: yaj (class 1)

अपध्वस्ताः (apadhvastāḥ) - ruined, destroyed, degraded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apadhvasta

apadhvasta - ruined, destroyed, degraded, fallen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from apa- + dhvasta (P.P.P. of √dhvaṃs - to fall, perish)

Prefix: apa

Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

दस्युभूताः (dasyubhūtāḥ) - like robbers (become robbers, transformed into robbers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dasyubhūta

dasyubhūta - become a robber, transformed into a robber

Compound of dasyu (robber) + bhūta (become)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dasyu+bhūta)

• dasyu – robber, dacoit, enemy
  noun (masculine)
• bhūta – become, been, past, an element
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of √bhū (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are, they exist

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of bhavati

Present Active

Root bhū, Parasmaipada

Root: bhū (class 1)

ये (ye) - who, which (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, member of the priestly class (brahman)

क्षत्रियान् (kṣatriyān) - kṣatriyas, warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior class (kṣatra), ruler

सम्त्यजन्ति (samtyajanti) - they abandon completely, they forsake

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of samtyajati

Present Active

Derived from sam- + tyaj (to abandon)

Prefix: sam

Root: tyaj (class 1)