महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-74, verse-13

नात्र प्लवं लभते पारगामी महागाधे नौरिव संप्रणुन्ना ।
चातुर्वर्ण्यं भवति च संप्रमूढं ततः प्रजाः क्षयसंस्था भवन्ति ॥१३॥

13. nātra plavaṁ labhate pāragāmī; mahāgādhe nauriva saṁpraṇunnā ,
cāturvarṇyaṁ bhavati ca saṁpramūḍhaṁ; tataḥ prajāḥ kṣayasaṁsthā bhavanti.

13. na atra plavam labhate pāragāmī
mahāgādhe nauḥ iva sampranuṇṇā
cāturvarṇyam bhavati ca sampramūḍham
tataḥ prajāḥ kṣayasaṃsthāḥ bhavanti

13. atra pāragāmī mahāgādhe sampranuṇṇā
nauḥ iva plavam na labhate ca
cāturvarṇyam sampramūḍham bhavati
tataḥ prajāḥ kṣayasaṃsthāḥ bhavanti

13. Here, one desiring to reach the other shore does not find a raft (plava), just like a boat tossed about in very deep waters. And the system of four social classes (cāturvarṇya) becomes utterly confused, whereupon the people (prajāḥ) fall into a state of decay and destruction.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, in this matter

• प्लवम् (plavam) - raft, boat, means of crossing

• लभते (labhate) - obtains, gets, finds

• पारगामी (pāragāmī) - one who goes to the other shore, one who crosses, one who reaches the end

• महागाधे (mahāgādhe) - in a very deep (place)

• नौः (nauḥ) - boat, ship

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• सम्प्रनुण्णा (sampranuṇṇā) - tossed about, driven about, impelled

• चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the system of four classes/varnas

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, happens

• च (ca) - and, also

• सम्प्रमूढम् (sampramūḍham) - completely bewildered, utterly confused

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, subjects, progeny

• क्षयसंस्थाः (kṣayasaṁsthāḥ) - established in destruction, tending towards decay

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become, are, exist

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, in this matter

(indeclinable)

प्लवम् (plavam) - raft, boat, means of crossing

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of plava

plava - raft, boat, swimming, means of crossing

Verbal Noun

Derived from root plu

Root: plu (class 1)

लभते (labhate) - obtains, gets, finds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Root: labh (class 1)

पारगामी (pāragāmī) - one who goes to the other shore, one who crosses, one who reaches the end

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāragāmin

pāragāmin - going to the other side, crossing over, reaching the end

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāra+gāmin)

• pāra – the other side, opposite bank, end, limit
  noun (neuter)
• gāmin – going, walking, reaching, attaining
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun / Adjective from root
  Derived from root gam with agent suffix -in
  Root: gam (class 1)

महागाधे (mahāgādhe) - in a very deep (place)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of mahāgādha

mahāgādha - very deep

Compound type : karma. or tatpurusha (mahā+gādha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• gādha – deep, profound
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: gah

नौः (nauḥ) - boat, ship

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nau

nau - boat, ship, vessel

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

सम्प्रनुण्णा (sampranuṇṇā) - tossed about, driven about, impelled

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sampranuṇṇa

sampranuṇṇa - tossed about, completely driven, impelled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root nud with upasargas sam and pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: nud (class 6)

चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the system of four classes/varnas

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya

cāturvarṇya - the system of four castes/classes (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra)

Derived from caturvarṇa + ṣyaN suffix

Compound type : taddhita (catur+varṇa)

• catur – four
  numeral
• varṇa – color, class, caste
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, happens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सम्प्रमूढम् (sampramūḍham) - completely bewildered, utterly confused

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sampramūḍha

sampramūḍha - utterly bewildered, confused, stupefied

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root muh with upasargas sam and pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: muh (class 4)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, subjects, progeny

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - offspring, progeny, people, subjects, creation

Derived from root jan with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

क्षयसंस्थाः (kṣayasaṁsthāḥ) - established in destruction, tending towards decay

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kṣayasaṃsthā

kṣayasaṁsthā - state of destruction, established in decay

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣaya+saṃsthā)

• kṣaya – destruction, decay, ruin, loss
  noun (masculine)
  Verbal Noun
  Derived from root kṣi
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• saṃsthā – state, condition, establishment, completion
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root sthā with upasarga sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sthā (class 1)

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become, are, exist

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)