महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-74, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
राज्ञा पुरोहितः कार्यो भवेद्विद्वान्बहुश्रुतः ।
उभौ समीक्ष्य धर्मार्थावप्रमेयावनन्तरम् ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
rājñā purohitaḥ kāryo bhavedvidvānbahuśrutaḥ ,
ubhau samīkṣya dharmārthāvaprameyāvanantaram.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca rājñā purohitaḥ kāryaḥ bhavet vidvān
bahuśrutaḥ ubhau samīkṣya dharmārthau aprameyau anantaram

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca: rājñā vidvān bahuśrutaḥ purohitaḥ kāryaḥ bhavet.
anantaram ubhau aprameyau dharmārthau samīkṣya.

1. Bhishma said: A learned and widely knowledgeable royal priest (purohita) should be appointed by the king. Thereafter, having carefully considered both the unfathomable matters of natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (artha).

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• पुरोहितः (purohitaḥ) - royal priest, chaplain

• कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be made, should be appointed

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned, wise

• बहुश्रुतः (bahuśrutaḥ) - well-versed, highly learned, heard much

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having considered, having examined

• धर्मार्थौ (dharmārthau) - dharma and artha (righteousness and prosperity)

• अप्रमेयौ (aprameyau) - unfathomable, immeasurable

• अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - afterwards, immediately after

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a revered warrior and patriarch in the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, active voice

Irregular perfect form of 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Derived from root 'rāj' (to rule, shine)

Root: rāj (class 1)

पुरोहितः (purohitaḥ) - royal priest, chaplain

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purohita

purohita - royal priest, chaplain, one placed in front

Derived from 'puras' (before, in front) and root 'dhā' (to place), literally 'one placed in front'

Compound type : Prādi-Samāsa (indeclinable + verb derivative) (puras+hita)

• puras – before, in front, eastward
  indeclinable
  Adverb
• hita – placed, set, appointed, beneficial
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhā' (to place)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be made, should be appointed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, to be made, proper to be done, duty

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with suffix '-ya'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'purohitaḥ'

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhilin) of bhū

Optative mood, active voice

Class 1 verb

Root: bhū (class 1)

विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned, wise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - learned, wise, knowing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'vid' (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'purohitaḥ'

बहुश्रुतः (bahuśrutaḥ) - well-versed, highly learned, heard much

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bahuśruta

bahuśruta - much heard, well-versed, highly learned

Bahuvrīhi compound: one by whom much has been heard.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (bahu+śruta)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• śruta – heard, listened, learned, sacred knowledge
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'śru' (to hear)
  Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'purohitaḥ'

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Agrees with 'dharmārthau' and 'aprameyau'

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having considered, having examined

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

धर्मार्थौ (dharmārthau) - dharma and artha (righteousness and prosperity)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of dharmārtha

dharmārtha - righteousness and material prosperity; purpose of dharma

Dvandva compound combining 'dharma' and 'artha'

Compound type : Itaretara-dvandva (dharma+artha)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to hold, support, maintain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, material prosperity, object
  noun (masculine)

अप्रमेयौ (aprameyau) - unfathomable, immeasurable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of aprameya

aprameya - immeasurable, unfathomable, incomprehensible

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'prameya' (knowable, measurable), which is derived from 'mā' (to measure) with prefix 'pra'.

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+prameya)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• prameya – knowable, measurable, provable
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root 'mā' (to measure, know) with prefix 'pra'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmārthau'

अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - afterwards, immediately after

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'an' (negation) and 'antara' (interval, difference)

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (an+antara)

• an – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix (variant of 'a' before vowels)
• antara – interval, intermediate, difference, other
  noun (neuter)