महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-74, verse-20

ऐल उवाच ।
न वै वातं परिवृनोति कश्चिन्न जीमूतो वर्षति नैव दावः ।
तथायुक्तो दृश्यते मानवेषु कामद्वेषाद्बध्यते मुच्यते च ॥२०॥

20. aila uvāca ,
na vai vātaṁ parivṛnoti kaści;nna jīmūto varṣati naiva dāvaḥ ,
tathāyukto dṛśyate mānaveṣu; kāmadveṣādbadhyate mucyate ca.

20. aila uvāca | na vai vātam parivṛṇoti
kaścit na jīmūtaḥ varṣati na eva
dāvaḥ | tathā yuktaḥ dṛśyate
mānavessu kāmadveṣāt badhyate mucyate ca

20. aila uvāca kaścit vātam na vai parivṛṇoti jīmūtaḥ na varṣati,
dāvaḥ na eva (dahati) tathā (eva) manavesu yuktaḥ dṛśyate kāmadveṣāt (saḥ) badhyate ca mucyate (ca)

20. Aila replied: Indeed, no one controls the wind, nor does a cloud rain on its own, nor a forest fire. Similarly, among human beings, (the self/Rudra) is observed (acting), yet it is bound and liberated by desire and aversion.

Words meanings summery:

• ऐल (aila) - Aila (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

• वातम् (vātam) - wind

• परिवृणोति (parivṛṇoti) - surrounds, encompasses, restrains, controls

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - no one (due to preceding 'na') (someone, anyone, some)

• न (na) - not, no

• जीमूतः (jīmūtaḥ) - a cloud, rain cloud

• वर्षति (varṣati) - rains, pours

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• दावः (dāvaḥ) - forest fire

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - acting, united (with the body), engaged (joined, engaged, connected, endowed with)

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

• मानवेस्सु (mānavessu) - among humans, in human beings

• कामद्वेषात् (kāmadveṣāt) - from desire and hatred, due to desire and aversion

• बध्यते (badhyate) - is bound, is tied

• मुच्यते (mucyate) - is liberated, is freed

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

ऐल (aila) - Aila (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aila

aila - Aila, descendant of Ilā, name of Purūravas

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

perfect tense

root 'vac' (वच्), perfect active 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

(indeclinable)

वातम् (vātam) - wind

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāta

vāta - wind, air, atmosphere

परिवृणोति (parivṛṇoti) - surrounds, encompasses, restrains, controls

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of √vṛ

present tense

root 'vṛ' (वृ) with prefix 'pari', present active 3rd person singular

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - no one (due to preceding 'na') (someone, anyone, some)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, some

formed from 'kim' (what) + 'cid' (a particle meaning 'any')

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जीमूतः (jīmūtaḥ) - a cloud, rain cloud

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīmūta

jīmūta - cloud, rain cloud

वर्षति (varṣati) - rains, pours

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of √vṛṣ

present tense

root 'vṛṣ' (वृष्), present active 3rd person singular

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

दावः (dāvaḥ) - forest fire

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāva

dāva - forest fire, conflagration

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - acting, united (with the body), engaged (joined, engaged, connected, endowed with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, united, engaged, endowed with, appropriate, diligent

Past Passive Participle

root 'yuj' (युज्), past passive participle

Root: yuj (class 7)

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of √dṛś

present tense

root 'dṛś' (दृश्), present passive 3rd person singular

Root: dṛś (class 1)

मानवेस्सु (mānavessu) - among humans, in human beings

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, human being, descendant of Manu

कामद्वेषात् (kāmadveṣāt) - from desire and hatred, due to desire and aversion

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāmadveṣa

kāmadveṣa - desire and hatred, longing and aversion

Compound type : dvandva (kāma+dveṣa)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• dveṣa – hatred, aversion, enmity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)

बध्यते (badhyate) - is bound, is tied

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of √bandh

present tense

root 'bandh' (बन्ध्), present passive 3rd person singular

Root: bandh (class 9)

मुच्यते (mucyate) - is liberated, is freed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of √muc

present tense

root 'muc' (मुच्), present passive 3rd person singular

Root: muc (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)