महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-27, verse-5

यदा ह्येनं विघूर्णन्तमपश्यं पार्थसायकैः ।
कम्पमानं यथा वज्रैः प्रेक्षमाणं शिखण्डिनम् ॥५॥

5. yadā hyenaṁ vighūrṇantamapaśyaṁ pārthasāyakaiḥ ,
kampamānaṁ yathā vajraiḥ prekṣamāṇaṁ śikhaṇḍinam.

5. yadā hi enam vighūrṇantam apaśyam pārthasāyakaiḥ
kampamānam yathā vajraiḥ prekṣamāṇam śikhaṇḍinam

5. yadā hi aham apaśyam enam pārthasāyakaiḥ vighūrṇantam
vajraiḥ yathā kampamānam śikhaṇḍinam prekṣamāṇam

5. Indeed, when I saw him (Bhishma) reeling from Arjuna's arrows, trembling as if struck by thunderbolts, and looking intently at Śikhaṇḍin...

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• एनम् (enam) - Bhishma (him, this one)

• विघूर्णन्तम् (vighūrṇantam) - Bhishma, who was reeling (reeling, staggering, tottering)

• अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - I saw, I beheld

• पार्थसायकैः (pārthasāyakaiḥ) - by Arjuna's arrows

• कम्पमानम् (kampamānam) - Bhishma, who was trembling (trembling, shaking, quivering)

• यथा (yathā) - as, like, in the manner of

• वज्रैः (vajraiḥ) - by (multiple) thunderbolts (by thunderbolts, by diamonds)

• प्रेक्षमाणम् (prekṣamāṇam) - Bhishma, looking at (looking at, beholding, observing)

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - Bhishma (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

विघूर्णन्तम् (vighūrṇantam) - Bhishma, who was reeling (reeling, staggering, tottering)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vighūrṇant

vighūrṇant - reeling, staggering, tottering

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'ghūrṇ' with prefix 'vi-'. Present active participle, masculine, accusative singular.

Prefix: vi

Root: ghūrṇ (class 10)

Note: Used as an attribute of 'enam' (him).

अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - I saw, I beheld

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect

1st person singular, imperfect tense, active voice. The root 'dṛś' takes 'paśya' in present/imperfect stems.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पार्थसायकैः (pārthasāyakaiḥ) - by Arjuna's arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pārthasāyaka

pārthasāyaka - Arjuna's arrow

Compound type : tatpurusha (pārtha+sāyaka)

• pārtha – son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), i.e., Arjuna
  proper noun (masculine)
• sāyaka – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: si

कम्पमानम् (kampamānam) - Bhishma, who was trembling (trembling, shaking, quivering)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kampamāna

kampamāna - trembling, shaking, quivering

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'kamp'. Present middle participle, masculine, accusative singular.

Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Used as an attribute of 'enam' (him).

यथा (yathā) - as, like, in the manner of

(indeclinable)

वज्रैः (vajraiḥ) - by (multiple) thunderbolts (by thunderbolts, by diamonds)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vajra

vajra - thunderbolt, diamond, weapon of Indra

प्रेक्षमाणम् (prekṣamāṇam) - Bhishma, looking at (looking at, beholding, observing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prekṣamāṇa

prekṣamāṇa - looking at, beholding, observing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'īkṣ' with prefix 'pra-'. Present middle participle, masculine, accusative singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Used as an attribute of 'enam' (him).

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Śikhaṇḍin (a character in the Mahabharata)