महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-27, verse-11

स्वयं मृत्युं रक्षमाणः पाञ्चाल्यं यः शिखण्डिनम् ।
न बाणैः पातयामास सोऽर्जुनेन निपातितः ॥११॥

11. svayaṁ mṛtyuṁ rakṣamāṇaḥ pāñcālyaṁ yaḥ śikhaṇḍinam ,
na bāṇaiḥ pātayāmāsa so'rjunena nipātitaḥ.

11. svayam mṛtyum rakṣamāṇaḥ pāñcālyam yaḥ śikhaṇḍinam
na bāṇaiḥ pātayām āsa saḥ arjunena nipātitaḥ

11. yaḥ pāñcālyam śikhaṇḍinam svayam mṛtyum rakṣamāṇaḥ bāṇaiḥ na pātayām āsa,
saḥ arjunena nipātitaḥ

11. He who, upholding his vow regarding his own death, did not strike down Shikhandi, the Pāñcāla, with arrows, was subsequently slain by Arjuna.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by one's own choice/will (oneself, personally, automatically, by one's own will)

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death (death, Yama (god of death))

• रक्षमाणः (rakṣamāṇaḥ) - protecting, upholding (his vow regarding death) (protecting, guarding, observing, keeping)

• पाञ्चाल्यम् (pāñcālyam) - the Pāñcāla (Shikhandi, who was originally from the Pañcāla kingdom) (a native of Pañcāla, relating to Pañcāla, the Pañcāla princess (Draupadi), a prince of Pañcāla)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (Bhishma) (who, which, that)

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandi (Shikhandi (a specific character in Mahabharata), peacock-crested)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows)

• पातयाम् (pātayām) - causing to fall, felling

• आस (āsa) - auxiliary for periphrastic perfect (he was, he became (auxiliary verb))

• सः (saḥ) - he (Bhishma) (he, that)

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna (by Arjuna (a name))

• निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - slain (struck down, felled, slain, made to fall)

Words meanings and morphology

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by one's own choice/will (oneself, personally, automatically, by one's own will)

(indeclinable)

Reflexive adverb.

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death (death, Yama (god of death))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, mortality, the god of death (Yama)

From root `mṛ` (to die) + `tyu` suffix.

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of `rakṣamāṇaḥ`.

रक्षमाणः (rakṣamāṇaḥ) - protecting, upholding (his vow regarding death) (protecting, guarding, observing, keeping)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rakṣamāṇa

rakṣamāṇa - protecting, guarding, preserving, observing

Present Middle Participle

From root `rakṣ` (to protect) + `śānac` suffix.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective for `yaḥ`.

पाञ्चाल्यम् (pāñcālyam) - the Pāñcāla (Shikhandi, who was originally from the Pañcāla kingdom) (a native of Pañcāla, relating to Pañcāla, the Pañcāla princess (Draupadi), a prince of Pañcāla)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāñcālya

pāñcālya - relating to Pañcāla, a native of Pañcāla (country), a king of Pañcāla, a princess of Pañcāla

From `pañcāla` + `ya` suffix.

Note: Qualifies `śikhaṇḍinam`.

यः (yaḥ) - he who (Bhishma) (who, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandi (Shikhandi (a specific character in Mahabharata), peacock-crested)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - having a crest (like a peacock), wearing a top-knot, Shikhandi (a male child of Drupada, who was Ambā in previous birth)

From `śikhaṇḍa` (crest) + `in` suffix.

Note: Object of `pātayām āsa`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Instrument of action.

पातयाम् (pātayām) - causing to fall, felling

(verb)

active

Causative root form

From root `pat` (to fall) in causative form `pātaya`. This is part of the periphrastic perfect `pātayām āsa`.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: This is the `ām` suffix form of the causative verb, used in periphrastic perfect.

आस (āsa) - auxiliary for periphrastic perfect (he was, he became (auxiliary verb))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of as

Perfect third person singular

From root `as` (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (Bhishma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Correlative to `yaḥ`.

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna (by Arjuna (a name))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a Pandava prince), white, silver

Root: ṛj

Note: Agent of `nipātitaḥ`.

निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - slain (struck down, felled, slain, made to fall)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - struck down, felled, slain, caused to fall

Past Passive Participle (causative)

From `ni` + causative of `pat` (to fall) + `kta` suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)