महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-27, verse-15

home » Scriptures Library » Mahabharata

View complete chapter

तन्मे दहति गात्राणि यन्मां गुरुरभाषत ।
सत्यवाक्यो हि राजंस्त्वं यदि जीवति मे सुतः ।
सत्यं मा मर्शयन्विप्रो मयि तत्परिपृष्टवान् ॥१५॥

15. tanme dahati gātrāṇi yanmāṁ gururabhāṣata ,
satyavākyo hi rājaṁstvaṁ yadi jīvati me sutaḥ ,
satyaṁ mā marśayanvipro mayi tatparipṛṣṭavān.

15. tat me dahati gātrāṇi yat mām guruḥ
abhāṣata satyavākyaḥ hi rājan tvam
yadi jīvati me sutaḥ satyam mā
marśayan vipraḥ mayi tat paripṛṣṭavān

15. yat guruḥ mām abhāṣata tat me gātrāṇi
dahati hi rājan tvaṃ satyavākyaḥ
yadi me sutaḥ jīvati vipraḥ satyam
mā marśayan mayi tat paripṛṣṭavān

15. The words my teacher (guru) spoke to me – 'Indeed, O King, you are truthful if my son is alive' – that burns my very limbs. The Brahmin (vipra), not tolerating any evasion of the truth, questioned me fully about that.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

तत् (tat) - That (referring to the words spoken by Drona) (that, those words)

मे (me) - my (limbs) (my, to me)

दहति (dahati) - burns (my body) (burns, consumes)

गात्राणि (gātrāṇi) - my body, limbs (limbs, body parts, body)

यत् (yat) - that which (which, that (relative pronoun))

माम् (mām) - me (Yudhisthira) (me)

गुरुः (guruḥ) - my teacher (Drona) (teacher, spiritual guide, elder)

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke (to me) (spoke, said)

सत्यवाक्यः (satyavākyaḥ) - you are a truthful person (truthful speaker, whose words are true)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, for, because)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative addressed to Yudhisthira by Drona) (O King)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Yudhisthira) (you)

यदि (yadi) - if

जीवति (jīvati) - is alive (lives, is alive)

मे (me) - my (son) (my, to me)

सुतः (sutaḥ) - my son (Aśvatthāman) (son)

सत्यम् (satyam) - the truth (about his son) (truth, truly)

मा (mā) - not (tolerating any evasion of) (not, do not (prohibitive particle), me (accusative))

मर्शयन् (marśayan) - not tolerating (any evasion) (tolerating, enduring, forgiving, bearing)

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - The Brahmin (Drona) (Brahmin, learned person, wise)

मयि (mayi) - from me, in relation to me (in me, on me, with me)

तत् (tat) - that (truth) (that)

परिपृष्टवान् (paripṛṣṭavān) - questioned me fully (asked, questioned thoroughly)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - That (referring to the words spoken by Drona) (that, those words)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Acts as the subject of 'dahati'.

मे (me) - my (limbs) (my, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Possessive, modifying 'gātrāṇi'.

दहति (dahati) - burns (my body) (burns, consumes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dah

Present Active Indicative

Root verb of class 1.

Root: dah (class 1)

गात्राणि (gātrāṇi) - my body, limbs (limbs, body parts, body)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of gātra

gātra - limb, body

Root: gā

Note: Object of 'dahati'.

यत् (yat) - that which (which, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Subject of 'abhāṣata'.

माम् (mām) - me (Yudhisthira) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Object of 'abhāṣata'.

गुरुः (guruḥ) - my teacher (Drona) (teacher, spiritual guide, elder)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual preceptor, elder, weighty

Root: gṝ

Note: Subject of 'abhāṣata'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke (to me) (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (luṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect Middle Indicative

Root verb of class 1. 'a-' prefix denotes past tense (imperfect).

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Past tense verb.

सत्यवाक्यः (satyavākyaḥ) - you are a truthful person (truthful speaker, whose words are true)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavākya

satyavākya - truthful, whose words are true

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vākya)

satya – truth, true, real
adjective (neuter)
Root: as (class 2)
vākya – speech, words, statement
noun (neuter)
From root 'vac' (to speak).
Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tvam' (you).

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative addressed to Yudhisthira by Drona) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Direct address.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Yudhisthira) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asi' (are).

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

जीवति (jīvati) - is alive (lives, is alive)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Present Active Indicative

Root verb of class 1.

Root: jīv (class 1)

मे (me) - my (son) (my, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Possessive, modifying 'sutaḥ'.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - my son (Aśvatthāman) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Derived from root 'sū' (to produce, beget).

Root: sū (class 2)

सत्यम् (satyam) - the truth (about his son) (truth, truly)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, real, existing

Root: as (class 2)

मा (mā) - not (tolerating any evasion of) (not, do not (prohibitive particle), me (accusative))

(indeclinable)

A prohibitive particle, here used in an idiomatic sense to strongly negate the participle 'marśayan', implying "not tolerating/allowing" or "not forgiving".

Note: Negates 'marśayan' in an emphatic way.

मर्शयन् (marśayan) - not tolerating (any evasion) (tolerating, enduring, forgiving, bearing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛṣ

mṛṣ - to bear, endure, forgive, tolerate

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'mṛṣ' (to bear, endure) with suffix '-at' (śatrī).

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Functions adverbially in conjunction with 'mā'.

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - The Brahmin (Drona) (Brahmin, learned person, wise)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra