महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-267, verse-23

इन्द्रियाणां स्वकर्मभ्यः श्रमादुपरमो यदा ।
भवतीन्द्रियसंन्यासादथ स्वपिति वै नरः ॥२३॥

23. indriyāṇāṁ svakarmabhyaḥ śramāduparamo yadā ,
bhavatīndriyasaṁnyāsādatha svapiti vai naraḥ.

23. indriyāṇām sva-karmabhyaḥ śramāt uparamaḥ yadā
bhavati indriya-saṃnyāsāt atha svapiti vai naraḥ

23. yadā indriyāṇām sva-karmabhyaḥ śramāt uparamaḥ
bhavati atha indriya-saṃnyāsāt naraḥ vai svapiti

23. When there is a cessation of the organs (indriya) from their natural actions (karma) due to fatigue, then a person (nara) sleeps, due to the withdrawal (saṃnyāsa) of the organs.

Words meanings summery:

• इन्द्रियाणाम् (indriyāṇām) - of the sense organs

• स्व-कर्मभ्यः (sva-karmabhyaḥ) - from the natural functions of the organs (from their own actions/duties)

• श्रमात् (śramāt) - from fatigue, due to exertion

• उपरमः (uparamaḥ) - cessation, stopping, rest

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, happens, is

• इन्द्रिय-संन्यासात् (indriya-saṁnyāsāt) - due to the resting of the senses (from the withdrawal of the organs)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• स्वपिति (svapiti) - sleeps

• वै (vai) - Emphatic particle, often left untranslated. (indeed, certainly, truly)

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

Words meanings and morphology

इन्द्रियाणाम् (indriyāṇām) - of the sense organs

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of indriya

indriya - sense organ, faculty, power

From Indra + ya suffix

स्व-कर्मभ्यः (sva-karmabhyaḥ) - from the natural functions of the organs (from their own actions/duties)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, plural of sva-karman

sva-karman - one's own action/duty

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+karman)

• sva – own, one's own
  adjective/pronoun
  Reflexive possessive pronoun.
• karman – action, deed, ritual, fate
  noun (neuter)
  From root √kṛ (to do)
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)

श्रमात् (śramāt) - from fatigue, due to exertion

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śrama

śrama - fatigue, weariness, exertion, toil

From root √śram (to be weary)

Root: √śram (class 4)

Note: Denotes cause.

उपरमः (uparamaḥ) - cessation, stopping, rest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uparama

uparama - cessation, stopping, desisting, rest

From upa + √ram (to rest, to stop)

Prefix: upa

Root: √ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'bhavati'.

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal conjunction, introducing a subordinate clause.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, happens, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √bhū

present active

Present stem bhava-

Root: √bhū (class 1)

इन्द्रिय-संन्यासात् (indriya-saṁnyāsāt) - due to the resting of the senses (from the withdrawal of the organs)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of indriya-saṃnyāsa

indriya-saṁnyāsa - withdrawal/renunciation of senses

Compound type : tatpurusha (indriya+saṃnyāsa)

• indriya – sense organ, faculty, power
  noun (neuter)
  From Indra + ya suffix
• saṃnyāsa – renunciation, abandonment, withdrawal, asceticism
  noun (masculine)
  From sam + ni + √as (to throw, to cast)
  Prefixes: sam+ni
  Root: √as (class 2)

Note: Denotes cause or reason for sleeping.

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the beginning of the main clause following the 'yadā' clause.

स्वपिति (svapiti) - sleeps

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √svap

present active

Present stem svapi- (irregular root, 2nd class).

Root: √svap (class 2)

वै (vai) - Emphatic particle, often left untranslated. (indeed, certainly, truly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being