महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-267, verse-12

चक्षुषी नासिकाकर्णौ त्वग्जिह्वेति च पञ्चमी ।
इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थानां ज्ञानानि कवयो विदुः ॥१२॥

12. cakṣuṣī nāsikākarṇau tvagjihveti ca pañcamī ,
indriyāṇīndriyārthānāṁ jñānāni kavayo viduḥ.

12. cakṣuṣī nāsikākarṇau tvagjihve iti ca pañcamī
indriyāṇi indriyārthānām jñānāni kavayaḥ viduḥ

12. kavayaḥ cakṣuṣī nāsikākarṇau tvagjihve iti ca
pañcamī indriyāṇi indriyārthānām jñānāni viduḥ

12. The wise ones (kavayaḥ) know that the eyes, the nose and ears, and the skin and tongue—these (together making up) five senses (indriyāṇi)—are the means of knowledge (jñānāni) for their respective sense-objects.

Words meanings summery:

• चक्षुषी (cakṣuṣī) - the sense of sight, represented by the eyes (two eyes)

• नासिकाकर्णौ (nāsikākarṇau) - the senses of smell and hearing, represented by the nose and ears (nose and ears)

• त्वग्जिह्वे (tvagjihve) - the senses of touch and taste, represented by the skin and tongue (skin and tongue)

• इति (iti) - introduces or concludes an enumeration (thus, so, and so on)

• च (ca) - and

• पञ्चमी (pañcamī) - referring to the five categories of senses (fifth)

• इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - the five cognitive senses (jñānendriyas) (senses, sense organs)

• इन्द्रियार्थानाम् (indriyārthānām) - of the objects of the senses

• ज्ञानानि (jñānāni) - the senses are considered as instruments for gaining knowledge (knowledge, means of knowledge)

• कवयः (kavayaḥ) - the discerning or wise individuals (poets, wise ones, enlightened ones)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

चक्षुषी (cakṣuṣī) - the sense of sight, represented by the eyes (two eyes)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of cakṣus

cakṣus - eye

Note: Although grammatically dual, it refers to the single sense of sight within the list of five senses.

नासिकाकर्णौ (nāsikākarṇau) - the senses of smell and hearing, represented by the nose and ears (nose and ears)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nāsikākarṇa

nāsikākarṇa - nose and ear

Compound type : dvandva (nāsikā+karṇa)

• nāsikā – nose
  noun (feminine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: A dvandva compound referring to two distinct senses within the enumeration of five.

त्वग्जिह्वे (tvagjihve) - the senses of touch and taste, represented by the skin and tongue (skin and tongue)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of tvagjihvā

tvagjihvā - skin and tongue

Compound type : dvandva (tvac+jihvā)

• tvac – skin
  noun (feminine)
• jihvā – tongue
  noun (feminine)

Note: A dvandva compound referring to two distinct senses within the enumeration of five.

इति (iti) - introduces or concludes an enumeration (thus, so, and so on)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पञ्चमी (pañcamī) - referring to the five categories of senses (fifth)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pañcamī

pañcamī - fifth (feminine)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'enumeration' or 'grouping' of senses as the fifth (category) or simply indicating the count as five.

इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - the five cognitive senses (jñānendriyas) (senses, sense organs)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of indriya

indriya - sense, organ of sense

इन्द्रियार्थानाम् (indriyārthānām) - of the objects of the senses

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of indriyārtha

indriyārtha - object of sense, sense-object

Compound type : tatpurusha (indriya+artha)

• indriya – sense, organ of sense
  noun (neuter)
• artha – object, purpose, meaning
  noun (masculine)

ज्ञानानि (jñānāni) - the senses are considered as instruments for gaining knowledge (knowledge, means of knowledge)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, cognition

Root: jñā (class 9)

कवयः (kavayaḥ) - the discerning or wise individuals (poets, wise ones, enlightened ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kavi

kavi - poet, sage, wise man

Note: The sandhi form `kavayo` appears in the verse.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

root aorist type (reduplicated)

3rd person plural, present indicative active, Parasmaipada, from root vid (2nd class)

Root: vid (class 2)