महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-267, verse-14

रूपं गन्धो रसः स्पर्शः शब्दश्चैवाथ तद्गुणाः ।
इन्द्रियैरुपलभ्यन्ते पञ्चधा पञ्च पञ्चभिः ॥१४॥

14. rūpaṁ gandho rasaḥ sparśaḥ śabdaścaivātha tadguṇāḥ ,
indriyairupalabhyante pañcadhā pañca pañcabhiḥ.

14. rūpam gandhaḥ rasaḥ sparśaḥ śabdaḥ ca eva atha tat
guṇāḥ indriyaiḥ upalabhyante pañcadhā pañca pañcabhiḥ

14. rūpam gandhaḥ rasaḥ sparśaḥ ca eva atha śabdaḥ tat guṇāḥ (santi).
pañcabhiḥ indriyaiḥ pañcadhā pañca upalabhyante.

14. Form, smell, taste, touch, and sound—these are their specific qualities (tadguṇāḥ). They are perceived in five distinct ways by the five senses (indriyaiḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• रूपम् (rūpam) - the sense object of sight (form, appearance)

• गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - the sense object of smell (smell, odor)

• रसः (rasaḥ) - the sense object of taste (taste, essence, juice)

• स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - the sense object of touch (touch, contact)

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - the sense object of hearing (sound, word)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding word or idea (indeed, only, just)

• अथ (atha) - introduces the next point in the enumeration or argument (then, now, moreover)

• तत् (tat) - referring to the qualities associated with the senses (from previous verses) (their)

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - the specific sense objects (form, smell etc.) (qualities, attributes)

• इन्द्रियैः (indriyaiḥ) - by the senses, by the sense organs

• उपलभ्यन्ते (upalabhyante) - the sense objects are perceived by the senses (are perceived, are obtained)

• पञ्चधा (pañcadhā) - in five ways, fivefold

• पञ्च (pañca) - five qualities or five senses (five)

• पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by the five senses (by five)

Words meanings and morphology

रूपम् (rūpam) - the sense object of sight (form, appearance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, beauty

गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - the sense object of smell (smell, odor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - smell, odor, perfume

Note: The sandhi form `gandho` appears in the verse.

रसः (rasaḥ) - the sense object of taste (taste, essence, juice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, flavor, essence, juice, sentiment

स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - the sense object of touch (touch, contact)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sparśa

sparśa - touch, contact, tactile sensation

Root: spṛś (class 6)

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - the sense object of hearing (sound, word)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, word, noise

Note: The sandhi form `śabdaśca` appears in the verse.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the sandhi `śabdaścāivātha`.

एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding word or idea (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the sandhi `śabdaścāivātha`.

अथ (atha) - introduces the next point in the enumeration or argument (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the sandhi `śabdaścāivātha`.

तत् (tat) - referring to the qualities associated with the senses (from previous verses) (their)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: The form `tat` appears before the compound `guṇāḥ`.

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - the specific sense objects (form, smell etc.) (qualities, attributes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent of nature

Note: Forms the compound `tadguṇāḥ` (their qualities).

इन्द्रियैः (indriyaiḥ) - by the senses, by the sense organs

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of indriya

indriya - sense, organ of sense

Note: The sandhi form `indriyair` appears in the verse.

उपलभ्यन्ते (upalabhyante) - the sense objects are perceived by the senses (are perceived, are obtained)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of upalabh

3rd person plural, present indicative middle (ātmanepada), from root labh with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: labh (class 1)

पञ्चधा (pañcadhā) - in five ways, fivefold

(indeclinable)

suffix -dhā denoting manner

पञ्च (pañca) - five qualities or five senses (five)

(numeral)

Note: Used as an adjective for the implied qualities or senses.

पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by the five senses (by five)

(numeral)

Note: Refers to the five sense organs or their functions.