महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-267, verse-13

दर्शनं श्रवणं घ्राणं स्पर्शनं रसनं तथा ।
उपपत्त्या गुणान्विद्धि पञ्च पञ्चसु पञ्चधा ॥१३॥

13. darśanaṁ śravaṇaṁ ghrāṇaṁ sparśanaṁ rasanaṁ tathā ,
upapattyā guṇānviddhi pañca pañcasu pañcadhā.

13. darśanam śravaṇam ghrāṇam sparśanam rasanam tathā
upapattyā guṇān viddhi pañca pañcasu pañcadhā

13. tathā darśanam śravaṇam ghrāṇam sparśanam rasanam
(iti) pañca guṇān upapattyā pañcasu pañcadhā viddhi

13. By careful reasoning (upapattyā), understand that these five qualities—seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and tasting—manifest in five distinct ways across the five senses.

Words meanings summery:

• दर्शनम् (darśanam) - the act or sense of seeing (seeing, perception)

• श्रवणम् (śravaṇam) - the act or sense of hearing (hearing)

• घ्राणम् (ghrāṇam) - the act or sense of smelling (smelling, nose)

• स्पर्शनम् (sparśanam) - the act or sense of touching (touching, touch)

• रसनम् (rasanam) - the act or sense of tasting (tasting, tongue)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, also

• उपपत्त्या (upapattyā) - by careful reasoning or logical deduction (by means of reasoning, by appropriateness, by justification)

• गुणान् (guṇān) - the specific qualities (like form, smell, taste etc.) perceived by senses (qualities, attributes)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• पञ्च (pañca) - five qualities or five senses (five)

• पञ्चसु (pañcasu) - in the five senses or categories (in five)

• पञ्चधा (pañcadhā) - in five ways, in five parts

Words meanings and morphology

दर्शनम् (darśanam) - the act or sense of seeing (seeing, perception)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of darśana

darśana - seeing, vision, doctrine

action noun

from root dṛś + Lyuṭ suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

श्रवणम् (śravaṇam) - the act or sense of hearing (hearing)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śravaṇa

śravaṇa - hearing, ear

action noun

from root śru + Lyuṭ suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

घ्राणम् (ghrāṇam) - the act or sense of smelling (smelling, nose)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghrāṇa

ghrāṇa - smelling, nose

action noun

from root ghrā + Lyuṭ suffix

Root: ghrā (class 1)

स्पर्शनम् (sparśanam) - the act or sense of touching (touching, touch)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sparśana

sparśana - touching, feeling

action noun

from root spṛś + Lyuṭ suffix

Root: spṛś (class 6)

रसनम् (rasanam) - the act or sense of tasting (tasting, tongue)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rasana

rasana - tasting, tongue, taste

action noun

from root ras + Lyuṭ suffix

Root: ras (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, also

(indeclinable)

उपपत्त्या (upapattyā) - by careful reasoning or logical deduction (by means of reasoning, by appropriateness, by justification)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of upapatti

upapatti - occurrence, fittingness, justification, reasoning

from upa + pad + kti

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

गुणान् (guṇān) - the specific qualities (like form, smell, taste etc.) perceived by senses (qualities, attributes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent of nature

Note: The sandhi `guṇānviddhi` breaks down to `guṇān viddhi`.

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

2nd person singular, imperative active, Parasmaipada, from root vid (2nd class)

Root: vid (class 2)

पञ्च (pañca) - five qualities or five senses (five)

(numeral)

Note: Used as an adjective for `guṇān` and `pañcasu`.

पञ्चसु (pañcasu) - in the five senses or categories (in five)

(numeral)

Note: Refers to the five sense categories.

पञ्चधा (pañcadhā) - in five ways, in five parts

(indeclinable)

suffix -dhā denoting manner