महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-259, verse-34

अथ प्रथमकल्पेन सत्यवन्संकरो भवेत् ।
आयुः शक्तिं च कालं च निर्दिश्य तप आदिशेत् ॥३४॥

34. atha prathamakalpena satyavansaṁkaro bhavet ,
āyuḥ śaktiṁ ca kālaṁ ca nirdiśya tapa ādiśet.

34. atha prathamakalpena satyavat saṅkaraḥ bhavet
āyuḥ śaktim ca kālam ca nirdiśya tapaḥ ādiśet

34. atha prathamakalpena satyavat saṅkaraḥ bhavet [rājā]
āyuḥ ca śaktim ca kālam ca nirdiśya tapaḥ ādiśet

34. Now, according to the initial arrangement, a true intermixture (saṅkara) would arise. Having specified the lifespan, strength, and the specific age (kāla), one should then prescribe appropriate austerities (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - Now (now, then, moreover)

• प्रथमकल्पेन (prathamakalpena) - according to the initial arrangement (by the first arrangement, by the initial rule)

• सत्यवत् (satyavat) - true, real (truly, really, truthfully, having truth)

• सङ्करः (saṅkaraḥ) - intermixture (saṅkara) of castes/varnas (mixture, confusion, intermixture (of castes/varnas))

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would arise (there would be, it would become, would arise)

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - life-span (life, life-span, duration of life)

• शक्तिम् (śaktim) - strength (power, strength, ability)

• च (ca) - and

• कालम् (kālam) - the specific age (kāla) (time, age)

• च (ca) - and

• निर्दिश्य (nirdiśya) - Having specified (having specified, having indicated, having pointed out)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerities (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual discipline)

• आदिशेत् (ādiśet) - one should then prescribe (he should prescribe, he should enjoin)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - Now (now, then, moreover)

(indeclinable)

प्रथमकल्पेन (prathamakalpena) - according to the initial arrangement (by the first arrangement, by the initial rule)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prathamakalpa

prathamakalpa - first arrangement, primary rule, initial precedent

Compound type : tatpurusha (prathama+kalpa)

• prathama – first, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
• kalpa – rule, ordinance, arrangement, ritual precept
  noun (masculine)
  From √kḷp (to be arranged, to be fit) + -a suffix.
  Root: kḷp (class 1)

सत्यवत् (satyavat) - true, real (truly, really, truthfully, having truth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavat

satyavat - truthful, real, actual, possessing truth, really

Possessive suffix -vat added to satya (truth).

सङ्करः (saṅkaraḥ) - intermixture (saṅkara) of castes/varnas (mixture, confusion, intermixture (of castes/varnas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅkara

saṅkara - mixture, confusion, intermixture of castes (varnas), hybridization

From sam-√kṛ (to mix, combine) + -a suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भवेत् (bhavet) - would arise (there would be, it would become, would arise)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Optative Active

Root √bhū, 1st conjugation, parasmaipada. Optative 3rd singular active.

Root: bhū (class 1)

आयुः (āyuḥ) - life-span (life, life-span, duration of life)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, life-span, vitality, duration

शक्तिम् (śaktim) - strength (power, strength, ability)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śakti

śakti - power, strength, ability, energy, divine power (śakti)

From √śak (to be able, to be powerful) + -ti suffix.

Root: śak (class 5)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कालम् (kālam) - the specific age (kāla) (time, age)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, age, proper time

Note: Refers to the prevailing yuga or temporal conditions.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

निर्दिश्य (nirdiśya) - Having specified (having specified, having indicated, having pointed out)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From nir-√diś (to point out, indicate) + -ya suffix (absolutive).

Prefix: nir

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerities (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual discipline)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline, heat

आदिशेत् (ādiśet) - one should then prescribe (he should prescribe, he should enjoin)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of ādiś

Optative Active

From ā-√diś (to command, prescribe), 6th conjugation, parasmaipada. Optative 3rd singular active.

Prefix: ā

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Implies a general injunction, often for a king or wise person.