महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-259, verse-33

तथा कलियुगे प्राप्ते राज्ञां दुश्चरितेन ह ।
भवेत्कालविशेषेण कला धर्मस्य षोडशी ॥३३॥

33. tathā kaliyuge prāpte rājñāṁ duścaritena ha ,
bhavetkālaviśeṣeṇa kalā dharmasya ṣoḍaśī.

33. tathā kaliyuge prāpte rājñām duścaritena ha
bhavet kālaviśeṣeṇa kalā dharmasya ṣoḍaśī

33. tathā kaliyuge prāpte,
rājñām duścaritena ha,
kālaviśeṣeṇa dharmasya kalā ṣoḍaśī bhavet

33. And so, when the Kali Yuga has arrived, due to the wicked conduct of kings, by the specific nature of the age, only a sixteenth part (kala) of dharma (natural law) would exist.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - And so (thus, in that manner, so also)

• कलियुगे (kaliyuge) - in the Kali Yuga (in the Kali age)

• प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it (the Kali Yuga) has arrived (having been obtained, having arrived, when arrived)

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

• दुश्चरितेन (duścaritena) - due to the wicked conduct (by bad conduct, by evil deeds)

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would exist (there would be, it would become)

• कालविशेषेण (kālaviśeṣeṇa) - by the specific nature of the age (by the specialty of time, due to the specific nature of the age)

• कला (kalā) - a sixteenth part (a small part, a digit (of the moon), a sixteenth part)

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma (natural law) (of dharma, of natural law)

• षोडशी (ṣoḍaśī) - the sixteenth (part) (the sixteenth)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - And so (thus, in that manner, so also)

(indeclinable)

कलियुगे (kaliyuge) - in the Kali Yuga (in the Kali age)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kaliyuga

kaliyuga - the Kali Yuga (the fourth and current of the four yugas)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kali+yuga)

• kali – the age of Kali, strife, quarrel, lowest cast of a die
  noun (masculine)
• yuga – age, epoch, yoke
  noun (masculine)

प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it (the Kali Yuga) has arrived (having been obtained, having arrived, when arrived)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, arrived, achieved

Past Passive Participle

From pra-√āp (to reach, obtain) + -ta suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

दुश्चरितेन (duścaritena) - due to the wicked conduct (by bad conduct, by evil deeds)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duścarita

duścarita - bad conduct, evil deed, wickedness

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+carita)

• dus – bad, evil, difficult (prefix)
  indeclinable
• carita – conduct, deed, practice, character
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  From √car (to move, behave) + -ta suffix.
  Root: car (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - would exist (there would be, it would become)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Optative Active

Root √bhū, 1st conjugation, parasmaipada. Optative 3rd singular active.

Root: bhū (class 1)

कालविशेषेण (kālaviśeṣeṇa) - by the specific nature of the age (by the specialty of time, due to the specific nature of the age)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kālaviśeṣa

kālaviśeṣa - peculiarity of time, specific time, characteristic of the age

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+viśeṣa)

• kāla – time, season, age
  noun (masculine)
• viśeṣa – distinction, peculiarity, characteristic, specialty
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-√śiṣ (to distinguish, specify) + -a suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

कला (kalā) - a sixteenth part (a small part, a digit (of the moon), a sixteenth part)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kalā

kalā - a small part, a digit, a minute, a sixteenth part (e.g., of the moon's disc), an art

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma (natural law) (of dharma, of natural law)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, virtue

From √dhṛ (to hold, support) + -man suffix.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

षोडशी (ṣoḍaśī) - the sixteenth (part) (the sixteenth)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ṣoḍaśī

ṣoḍaśī - the sixteenth, relating to sixteen

Feminine form of ṣoḍaśa (sixteenth).