महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-259, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
द्युमत्सेनस्य संवादं राज्ञा सत्यवता सह ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
dyumatsenasya saṁvādaṁ rājñā satyavatā saha.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsaṃ
purātanam dyumatsenasya saṃvādaṃ rājñā satyavatā saha

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api dyumatsenasya satyavatā rājñā
saha saṃvādaṃ purātanam imam itihāsaṃ udāharanti

2. Bhīṣma said: 'In this context, they also relate this ancient story, the dialogue of Dyumatsena with King Satyavat.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma, the grand-uncle of the Pāṇḍavas (Bhīṣma (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अत्र (atra) - in this context, in this regard (here, in this place, in this matter)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, moreover)

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they relate, they narrate (they cite, they narrate, they mention)

• इमम् (imam) - this (itihāsa) (this (masculine accusative singular))

• इतिहासं (itihāsaṁ) - story, ancient narrative (history, legend, traditional narrative)

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient (ancient, old, traditional)

• द्युमत्सेनस्य (dyumatsenasya) - of Dyumatsena

• संवादं (saṁvādaṁ) - dialogue, conversation (dialogue, conversation, agreement)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - with King (by the king, with the king)

• सत्यवता (satyavatā) - with Satyavat (by Satyavat, with Satyavat)

• सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma, the grand-uncle of the Pāṇḍavas (Bhīṣma (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (terrible, formidable)

From root √bhīṣ (to frighten)

Root: √bhīṣ (class 10)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

From root √vac (to speak). 3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Used to introduce direct speech.

अत्र (atra) - in this context, in this regard (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

From demonstrative pronoun idaṃ (this) + suffix -tra (locative)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizes inclusion.

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they relate, they narrate (they cite, they narrate, they mention)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of udāhṛ

Present Active

From prefix ud-ā + root √hṛ (to carry, to bring). 3rd person plural present active.

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: √hṛ (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this (itihāsa) (this (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'itihāsaṃ'.

इतिहासं (itihāsaṁ) - story, ancient narrative (history, legend, traditional narrative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, epic, traditional narrative

Lit. 'thus it happened' (iti ha āsa)

Note: Object of 'udāharanti'.

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient (ancient, old, traditional)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, primeval, traditional

From purā (formerly) + tana (suffix indicating time)

Note: Describes 'itihāsaṃ'.

द्युमत्सेनस्य (dyumatsenasya) - of Dyumatsena

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dyumatsena

dyumatsena - Dyumatsena (proper name, 'having a shining army')

Compound dyumat (shining) + sena (army)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (dyumat+senā)

• dyumat – shining, splendid, bright
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From dyu (heaven, light) + mat (possessive suffix)
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)

Note: Possessive of 'saṃvādaṃ'.

संवादं (saṁvādaṁ) - dialogue, conversation (dialogue, conversation, agreement)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvāda

saṁvāda - conversation, dialogue, agreement, dispute

From prefix sam + root √vad (to speak)

Prefix: sam

Root: √vad (class 1)

Note: Refers to the main topic of the story.

राज्ञा (rājñā) - with King (by the king, with the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

From root √rāj (to shine, to rule)

Root: √rāj (class 1)

Note: Denotes accompaniment with 'saha'.

सत्यवता (satyavatā) - with Satyavat (by Satyavat, with Satyavat)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of satyavat

satyavat - Satyavat (proper name, 'having truth')

Compound satya (truth) + vat (possessive suffix)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (satya+vat)

• satya – truth, reality
  noun (neuter)
  From sat (being, true)
• vat – possessive suffix 'having'
  suffix
  Suffix indicating possession, forms adjectives.

Note: Denotes accompaniment with 'saha'.

सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/postposition.

Note: Used with 'rājñā satyavatā'.