महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-259, verse-29

आत्मैवादौ नियन्तव्यो दुष्कृतं संनियच्छता ।
दण्डयेच्च महादण्डैरपि बन्धूननन्तरान् ॥२९॥

29. ātmaivādau niyantavyo duṣkṛtaṁ saṁniyacchatā ,
daṇḍayecca mahādaṇḍairapi bandhūnanantarān.

29. ātmā eva ādau niyantavyaḥ duṣkṛtam saṃniyacchatā
daṇḍayet ca mahādaṇḍaiḥ api bandhūn anantarān

29. duṣkṛtam saṃniyacchatā,
ādau ātmā eva niyantavyaḥ.
ca bandhūn anantarān api mahādaṇḍaiḥ daṇḍayet

29. One who seeks to restrain misdeeds should first control their own self (ātman). And they should punish even their immediate relatives with severe penalties.

Words meanings summery:

• आत्मा (ātmā) - one's own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, essence)

• एव (eva) - indeed (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• आदौ (ādau) - first (first, in the beginning, initially)

• नियन्तव्यः (niyantavyaḥ) - should be controlled (to be controlled, to be restrained)

• दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - misdeeds (evil deed, misdeed, sin)

• संनियच्छता (saṁniyacchatā) - by one who seeks to restrain (misdeeds) (by one who restrains, by one who controls completely)

• दण्डयेत् (daṇḍayet) - should punish

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• महादण्डैः (mahādaṇḍaiḥ) - with severe penalties (with great punishments, with severe penalties)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• बन्धून् (bandhūn) - relatives (relatives, kinsmen)

• अनन्तरान् (anantarān) - immediate relatives, closest relatives (immediate, next, closely related)

Words meanings and morphology

आत्मा (ātmā) - one's own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, essence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, breath

एव (eva) - indeed (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

आदौ (ādau) - first (first, in the beginning, initially)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ādi

ādi - beginning, commencement, first

Note: Functions adverbially 'in the beginning'

नियन्तव्यः (niyantavyaḥ) - should be controlled (to be controlled, to be restrained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyantavya

niyantavya - to be controlled, to be restrained

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root yam (to control) with prefix ni, suffix -tavya

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective agreeing with ātmā

दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - misdeeds (evil deed, misdeed, sin)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkṛta

duṣkṛta - evil deed, misdeed, sin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kṛta)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'saṃniyacchatā'

संनियच्छता (saṁniyacchatā) - by one who seeks to restrain (misdeeds) (by one who restrains, by one who controls completely)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of saṃniyacchat

saṁniyacchat - restraining, controlling completely

Present Active Participle

From root yam (to restrain) with prefixes sam and ni

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: The agent of the action 'niyantavyaḥ' (to be controlled)

दण्डयेत् (daṇḍayet) - should punish

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of daṇḍ

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

Root: daṇḍ (class 10)

Note: Subject is implied (the one who controls misdeeds)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

महादण्डैः (mahādaṇḍaiḥ) - with severe penalties (with great punishments, with severe penalties)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahādaṇḍa

mahādaṇḍa - great punishment, severe penalty

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+daṇḍa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• daṇḍa – punishment, staff, rod
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes the instrument of punishment

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

बन्धून् (bandhūn) - relatives (relatives, kinsmen)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bandhu

bandhu - relative, kinsman, friend

Note: Object of 'daṇḍayet'

अनन्तरान् (anantarān) - immediate relatives, closest relatives (immediate, next, closely related)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anantara

anantara - immediate, next, closely related

Negative of antara (interval, difference)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+antara)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• antara – interval, difference, inner
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying 'bandhūn'