महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-259, verse-17

द्युमत्सेन उवाच ।
यत्र यत्रैव शक्येरन्संयन्तुं समये प्रजाः ।
स तावत्प्रोच्यते धर्मो यावन्न प्रतिलङ्घ्यते ॥१७॥

17. dyumatsena uvāca ,
yatra yatraiva śakyeransaṁyantuṁ samaye prajāḥ ,
sa tāvatprocyate dharmo yāvanna pratilaṅghyate.

17. dyumatsena uvāca yatra yatra eva śakyeraṇ saṃyantum samaye
prajāḥ saḥ tāvat procyate dharmaḥ yāvat na pratilaṅghyate

17. dyumatsena uvāca: yatra yatra eva samaye prajāḥ saṃyantum śakyeraṇ,
saḥ dharmaḥ tāvat procyate yāvat na pratilaṅghyate

17. Dyumatsena said: Wherever people (prajāḥ) can be restrained (saṃyantum) through proper regulation (samaye), that (principle) is indeed declared (procyate) to be the natural law (dharma), as long as it is not violated.

Words meanings summery:

• द्युमत्सेन (dyumatsena) - Dyumatsena

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• यत्र (yatra) - where, wherever

• यत्र (yatra) - where, wherever

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• शक्येरण् (śakyeraṇ) - they might be able, they could be controlled

• संयन्तुम् (saṁyantum) - to restrain, to control

• समये (samaye) - through proper regulation (in due time, by agreement, by proper regulation, in circumstances)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, subjects, progeny

• सः (saḥ) - that principle or natural law (that, he)

• तावत् (tāvat) - so long, as long as, meanwhile

• प्रोच्यते (procyate) - is declared, is proclaimed, is called

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) or principle governing societal order. (natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteous conduct)

• यावत् (yāvat) - as long as, as far as, until

• न (na) - not

• प्रतिलङ्घ्यते (pratilaṅghyate) - is transgressed, is violated

Words meanings and morphology

द्युमत्सेन (dyumatsena) - Dyumatsena

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dyumatsena

dyumatsena - Dyumatsena (name of a king, father of Satyavan in Mahabharata)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dyumat+sena)

• dyumat – shining, splendid, glorious
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'dyu' (light, heaven) + 'matup' suffix (possessing).
• sena – army, host
  noun (masculine)

Note: The speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

यत्र (yatra) - where, wherever

(indeclinable)

From 'yad' (relative pronoun) + 'tra' (locative suffix).

यत्र (yatra) - where, wherever

(indeclinable)

From 'yad' (relative pronoun) + 'tra' (locative suffix).

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

शक्येरण् (śakyeraṇ) - they might be able, they could be controlled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, potential (liṅ) of śak

Potential (optative) passive

3rd person plural, potential mood, passive voice. From root 'śak' (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: The actual subject is 'prajāḥ'.

संयन्तुम् (saṁyantum) - to restrain, to control

(verb)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the verb 'saṃ-yam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: yam (class 1)

समये (samaye) - through proper regulation (in due time, by agreement, by proper regulation, in circumstances)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - agreement, convention, rule, regulation, proper time, occasion, circumstances

From 'sam-i' (to come together, agree).

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, subjects, progeny

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects, people

From 'pra-jan' (to produce, generate).

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - that principle or natural law (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

तावत् (tāvat) - so long, as long as, meanwhile

(indeclinable)

Correlative to 'yāvat'.

प्रोच्यते (procyate) - is declared, is proclaimed, is called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pra-vac

Present passive

3rd person singular, present tense, passive voice. From 'pra-vac'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) or principle governing societal order. (natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteous conduct)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, social order, religion

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

यावत् (yāvat) - as long as, as far as, until

(indeclinable)

Correlative to 'tāvat'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

प्रतिलङ्घ्यते (pratilaṅghyate) - is transgressed, is violated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pratilaṅgh

Present passive

3rd person singular, present tense, passive voice. From 'prati-laṅgh'.

Prefix: prati

Root: laṅgh (class 1)