महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-259, verse-28

यो राज्ञो दम्भमोहेन किंचित्कुर्यादसांप्रतम् ।
सर्वोपायैर्नियम्यः स तथा पापान्निवर्तते ॥२८॥

28. yo rājño dambhamohena kiṁcitkuryādasāṁpratam ,
sarvopāyairniyamyaḥ sa tathā pāpānnivartate.

28. yaḥ rājñaḥ dambhamohena kiñcit kuryāt asāmpratam
sarvopāyaiḥ niyamyah saḥ tathā pāpāt nivartate

28. yaḥ dambhamohena rājñaḥ kiñcit asāmpratam kuryāt,
saḥ sarvopāyaiḥ niyamyah tathā pāpāt nivartate

28. Whoever, motivated by hypocrisy and delusion, acts improperly towards the king, he should be restrained by all possible means so that he may turn away from wrongdoing.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - Whoever (who, which)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - towards the king (of the king, from the king)

• दम्भमोहेन (dambhamohena) - motivated by hypocrisy and delusion (by hypocrisy and delusion, by deceit and infatuation)

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - something (something, anything)

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - acts (may do, should do, would do)

• असाम्प्रतम् (asāmpratam) - improperly (improper, unsuitable, untimely)

• सर्वोपायैः (sarvopāyaiḥ) - by all possible means (by all means, by all expedients)

• नियम्यह् (niyamyah) - should be restrained (to be restrained, to be controlled, to be checked)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• तथा (tathā) - so that (thus, so, in that manner)

• पापात् (pāpāt) - from wrongdoing (from evil, from sin, from wrongdoing)

• निवर्तते (nivartate) - turns away (from wrongdoing) (turns back, abstains from, refrains from)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - Whoever (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - towards the king (of the king, from the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

दम्भमोहेन (dambhamohena) - motivated by hypocrisy and delusion (by hypocrisy and delusion, by deceit and infatuation)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dambhamoha

dambhamoha - hypocrisy and delusion, deceit and infatuation

Compound type : dvandva (dambha+moha)

• dambha – hypocrisy, deceit, arrogance
  noun (masculine)
• moha – delusion, infatuation, confusion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound of dambha and moha

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - something (something, anything)

(indeclinable)

Note: Can also be an adjective in neuter singular nominative/accusative, modifying an implied noun. Here it functions adverbially or as a pronoun 'something'.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - acts (may do, should do, would do)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)

असाम्प्रतम् (asāmpratam) - improperly (improper, unsuitable, untimely)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asāmprata

asāmprata - improper, unsuitable, untimely

Negative of sāmprata

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sāmprata)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• sāmprata – proper, suitable, timely
  adjective (neuter)
  Prefix: sam

Note: Can function as an adverb here, modifying 'kuryāt'

सर्वोपायैः (sarvopāyaiḥ) - by all possible means (by all means, by all expedients)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarvopāya

sarvopāya - all means, every expedient

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+upāya)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• upāya – means, expedient, method
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: upa

नियम्यह् (niyamyah) - should be restrained (to be restrained, to be controlled, to be checked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyamya

niyamya - to be restrained, to be controlled

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root yam (to restrain) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, she, it, that

तथा (tathā) - so that (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used to connect a result or consequence

पापात् (pāpāt) - from wrongdoing (from evil, from sin, from wrongdoing)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, sin, wrongdoing

निवर्तते (nivartate) - turns away (from wrongdoing) (turns back, abstains from, refrains from)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of nivṛt

Present tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used with ablative case for 'from what'