महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-259, verse-25

वित्रास्यमानाः सुकृतो न कामाद्घ्नन्ति दुष्कृतीन् ।
सुकृतेनैव राजानो भूयिष्ठं शासते प्रजाः ॥२५॥

25. vitrāsyamānāḥ sukṛto na kāmādghnanti duṣkṛtīn ,
sukṛtenaiva rājāno bhūyiṣṭhaṁ śāsate prajāḥ.

25. vitrāsyamānāḥ sukṛtaḥ na kāmāt ghnanti duṣkṛtīn
sukṛtena eva rājānaḥ bhūyiṣṭham śāsate prajāḥ

25. vitrāsyamānāḥ sukṛtaḥ kāmāt duṣkṛtīn na ghnanti
rājānaḥ sukṛtena eva bhūyiṣṭham prajāḥ śāsate

25. The virtuous, even when intimidated, do not kill the wicked out of desire. Rather, kings govern their subjects predominantly through their virtuous (sukṛta) actions.

Words meanings summery:

• वित्रास्यमानाः (vitrāsyamānāḥ) - (the virtuous, even when) being put in fear or threatened (being frightened, being intimidated)

• सुकृतः (sukṛtaḥ) - the good people (the virtuous, well-doers, righteous)

• न (na) - do not (not, no)

• कामात् (kāmāt) - motivated by selfish desire (from desire, out of lust)

• घ्नन्ति (ghnanti) - they do not harm or kill (they kill, they strike)

• दुष्कृतीन् (duṣkṛtīn) - those who commit wrong deeds (the wicked, evildoers)

• सुकृतेन (sukṛtena) - by means of righteous conduct or merit (by good deeds, by virtue)

• एव (eva) - exclusively, solely (only, certainly, indeed)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - the kings (kings, rulers)

• भूयिष्ठम् (bhūyiṣṭham) - primarily, preponderantly (mostly, for the most part, in greatest measure)

• शासते (śāsate) - they administer and lead (they rule, they govern, they command)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - the populace under their rule (subjects, offspring, people)

Words meanings and morphology

वित्रास्यमानाः (vitrāsyamānāḥ) - (the virtuous, even when) being put in fear or threatened (being frightened, being intimidated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vitrāsyamāna

vitrāsyamāna - being frightened, being intimidated

Present Passive Participle

From root 'tras' (to tremble, to be afraid) with prefix 'vi', in causative (trāsya) and then passive (māna).

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Participle modifying 'sukṛtaḥ'.

सुकृतः (sukṛtaḥ) - the good people (the virtuous, well-doers, righteous)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sukṛta

sukṛta - well done, virtuous, good deed, a virtuous person

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'su' (good) and 'kṛta' (done). Used as a noun here.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+kṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed, deed, act
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as a noun here ('the virtuous ones').

न (na) - do not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'ghnanti'.

कामात् (kāmāt) - motivated by selfish desire (from desire, out of lust)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, pleasure

Note: Indicates cause or origin.

घ्नन्ति (ghnanti) - they do not harm or kill (they kill, they strike)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present Active

Root 'han' (2nd class, 'ad' group), Present tense, 3rd person plural, parasmaipada. Irregular stem 'ghna'.

Root: han (class 2)

दुष्कृतीन् (duṣkṛtīn) - those who commit wrong deeds (the wicked, evildoers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of duṣkṛtin

duṣkṛtin - wicked, evildoing, an evildoer

From 'duṣkṛta' (evil deed) + possessive suffix 'in'.

Note: Object of 'ghnanti'.

सुकृतेन (sukṛtena) - by means of righteous conduct or merit (by good deeds, by virtue)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sukṛta

sukṛta - well done, virtuous deed, good action, merit

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'su' (good) and 'kṛta' (done). Used as a noun here.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+kṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed, deed, act
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

एव (eva) - exclusively, solely (only, certainly, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - the kings (kings, rulers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

भूयिष्ठम् (bhūyiṣṭham) - primarily, preponderantly (mostly, for the most part, in greatest measure)

(indeclinable)

Superlative of 'bahu' (much, many).

Note: Adverbial accusative.

शासते (śāsate) - they administer and lead (they rule, they govern, they command)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of śās

Present

Root 'śās' (2nd class, 'ad' group), Present tense, 3rd person plural, ātmanepada.

Root: śās (class 2)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - the populace under their rule (subjects, offspring, people)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - offspring, progeny, subjects, people

Note: Object of 'śāsate'.