महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-259, verse-30

यत्र वै पापकृत्क्लेश्यो न महद्दुःखमर्छति ।
वर्धन्ते तत्र पापानि धर्मो ह्रसति च ध्रुवम् ।
इति कारुण्यशीलस्तु विद्वान्वै ब्राह्मणोऽन्वशात् ॥३०॥

30. yatra vai pāpakṛtkleśyo na mahadduḥkhamarchati ,
vardhante tatra pāpāni dharmo hrasati ca dhruvam ,
iti kāruṇyaśīlastu vidvānvai brāhmaṇo'nvaśāt.

30. yatra vai pāpakṛt kleśyaḥ na mahat
duḥkham ṛcchati vardhante tatra pāpāni
dharmaḥ hrasati ca dhruvam iti kāruṇyaśīlaḥ
tu vidvān vai brāhmaṇaḥ anvashāt

30. yatra vai pāpakṛt mahat duḥkham na ṛcchati,
tatra pāpāni vardhante ca dharmaḥ dhruvam hrasati.
iti kāruṇyaśīlaḥ tu vidvān vai brāhmaṇaḥ anvashāt

30. Indeed, where a wrongdoer does not experience significant suffering, there misdeeds (pāpa) increase, and the natural law (dharma) certainly diminishes. Thus, the compassionate and wise Brahmin instructed.

Words meanings summery:

• यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly (particle of emphasis))

• पापकृत् (pāpakṛt) - a wrongdoer (wrongdoer, sinner)

• क्लेश्यः (kleśyaḥ) - experiences suffering (to be tormented, to be afflicted, suffers)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• महत् (mahat) - significant (great, large, important)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, pain, sorrow)

• ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - experiences (reaches, obtains, goes to, suffers)

• वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - increase (they increase, grow)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place)

• पापानि (pāpāni) - misdeeds (pāpa) (evils, sins, misdeeds)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• ह्रसति (hrasati) - diminishes (diminishes, declines, shrinks)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly (certainly, surely, fixedly)

• इति (iti) - Thus (thus, in this manner (marks conclusion or quotation))

• कारुण्यशीलः (kāruṇyaśīlaḥ) - compassionate (of compassionate nature, tender-hearted)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - wise (wise, learned, knowing)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly (particle of emphasis))

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - Brahmin (Brahmin, a member of the priestly class)

• अन्वस्हात् (anvashāt) - instructed (instructed, taught)

Words meanings and morphology

यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly (particle of emphasis))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

पापकृत् (pāpakṛt) - a wrongdoer (wrongdoer, sinner)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpakṛt

pāpakṛt - wrongdoer, sinner, evil-doer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāpa+kṛt)

• pāpa – evil, sin, wrongdoing
  noun (neuter)
• kṛt – doing, making, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/suffix
  From root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Compound of 'pāpa' (evil) and 'kṛt' (doer)

क्लेश्यः (kleśyaḥ) - experiences suffering (to be tormented, to be afflicted, suffers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kleśya

kleśya - to be tormented, to be afflicted

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root kliś (to torment)

Root: kliś (class 4)

Note: Used predicatively with an implied 'is' or 'becomes'

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle

महत् (mahat) - significant (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Note: Adjective modifying 'duḥkham'

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, pain, sorrow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

Note: Object of 'ṛcchati'

ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - experiences (reaches, obtains, goes to, suffers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ṛcch

Present tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Root: ṛcch (class 6)

Note: This root can also mean 'to suffer' or 'to incur'

वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - increase (they increase, grow)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present tense, middle voice, 3rd person plural

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'pāpāni'

तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place

पापानि (pāpāni) - misdeeds (pāpa) (evils, sins, misdeeds)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of pāpa

pāpa - evil, sin, wrongdoing

Note: Subject of 'vardhante'

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'hrasati'

ह्रसति (hrasati) - diminishes (diminishes, declines, shrinks)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of hras

Present tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Root: hras (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly (certainly, surely, fixedly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially

इति (iti) - Thus (thus, in this manner (marks conclusion or quotation))

(indeclinable)

Note: Marker for direct speech or conclusion

कारुण्यशीलः (kāruṇyaśīlaḥ) - compassionate (of compassionate nature, tender-hearted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāruṇyaśīla

kāruṇyaśīla - of compassionate nature, tender-hearted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāruṇya+śīla)

• kāruṇya – compassion, pity
  noun (neuter)
• śīla – nature, habit, character
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying 'brāhmaṇaḥ'

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle, often implying contrast or emphasis

विद्वान् (vidvān) - wise (wise, learned, knowing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - wise, learned, knowing, a scholar

Present Active Participle

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying 'brāhmaṇaḥ'

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly (particle of emphasis))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - Brahmin (Brahmin, a member of the priestly class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, learned person

Note: Subject of 'anvashāt'

अन्वस्हात् (anvashāt) - instructed (instructed, taught)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anuśās

Imperfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: From 'anu' + 'śās'