महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-259, verse-18

अहन्यमानेषु पुनः सर्वमेव पराभवेत् ।
पूर्वे पूर्वतरे चैव सुशास्या अभवञ्जनाः ॥१८॥

18. ahanyamāneṣu punaḥ sarvameva parābhavet ,
pūrve pūrvatare caiva suśāsyā abhavañjanāḥ.

18. ahanyamāneṣu punaḥ sarvam eva parābhavet
pūrve pūrvatare ca eva suśāsyāḥ abhavan janāḥ

18. punaḥ ahanyamāneṣu sarvam eva parābhavet.
pūrve pūrvatare ca eva janāḥ suśāsyāḥ abhavan.

18. Furthermore (punaḥ), if no action is taken (ahanyamāneṣu), everything (sarvam eva) would surely be overwhelmed (parābhavet). Yet, in former (pūrve) and even earlier (pūrvatare) times, people (janāḥ) were easily governed (suśāsyāḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• अहन्यमानेषु (ahanyamāneṣu) - when people are not punished or controlled (when not being struck, when not being punished, when no action is taken)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, however, furthermore

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• पराभवेत् (parābhavet) - it would be defeated, it would suffer defeat, it would be overwhelmed

• पूर्वे (pūrve) - in earlier (times)

• पूर्वतरे (pūrvatare) - in even earlier, in more ancient (times)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• सुशास्याः (suśāsyāḥ) - easily governed, well-ruled

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they were, they became

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

Words meanings and morphology

अहन्यमानेषु (ahanyamāneṣu) - when people are not punished or controlled (when not being struck, when not being punished, when no action is taken)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, plural of ahanyamāna

ahanyamāna - not being killed, not being struck, not being punished, not being oppressed

Present Passive Participle

Present passive participle of 'han' (to strike, kill, punish) with negative prefix 'a-'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hanyamāna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• hanyamāna – being struck, being killed, being punished
  participle (masculine)
  Present Passive Participle
  Present passive participle of 'han'.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Implies a condition: 'when people are not punished'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, however, furthermore

(indeclinable)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every, entire

Universal pronoun.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

पराभवेत् (parābhavet) - it would be defeated, it would suffer defeat, it would be overwhelmed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, potential (liṅ) of parā-bhū

Potential

3rd person singular, potential mood, active voice. From 'parā-bhū'.

Prefix: parā

Root: bhū (class 1)

पूर्वे (pūrve) - in earlier (times)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pūrva

pūrva - former, earlier, ancient, prior

पूर्वतरे (pūrvatare) - in even earlier, in more ancient (times)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pūrvatara

pūrvatara - more ancient, earlier

Comparative degree of 'pūrva'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

सुशास्याः (suśāsyāḥ) - easily governed, well-ruled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suśāsya

suśāsya - easily governed, amenable to rule, well-disciplined

Gerundive (or potential passive participle)

From 'su-śās' (to rule well, teach well). 'su-' (good/easy) + gerundive/PP of 'śās'.

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (su+śāsya)

• su – good, well, easy
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'good' or 'easy'.
• śāsya – to be ruled, to be taught, governable
  participle (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive/potential passive participle of 'śās' (to rule).
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective to 'janāḥ'.

अभवन् (abhavan) - they were, they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active

3rd person plural, imperfect tense, active voice.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'janāḥ'.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - man, person, people, creature

From root 'jan' (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)