महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-210, verse-9

प्रकृत्या सर्गधर्मिण्या तथा त्रिविधसत्त्वया ।
विपरीतमतो विद्यात्क्षेत्रज्ञस्य च लक्षणम् ॥९॥

9. prakṛtyā sargadharmiṇyā tathā trividhasattvayā ,
viparītamato vidyātkṣetrajñasya ca lakṣaṇam.

9. prakṛtyā sargadharmiṇyā tathā trividhasattvayā
| viparītam ataḥ vidyāt kṣetrajñasya ca lakṣaṇam

9. prakṛtyā sargadharmiṇyā tathā trividhasattvayā
(satya) ataḥ kṣetrajñasya viparītam ca lakṣaṇam vidyāt

9. From this, one should understand the characteristic of the knower of the field (kṣetrajña) to be the opposite of (the intrinsic nature of) nature (prakṛti), which possesses the attribute of creation and is endowed with the three qualities (guṇas).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रकृत्या (prakṛtyā) - by the primordial nature (prakṛti) (by nature, by the intrinsic nature)

• सर्गधर्मिण्या (sargadharmiṇyā) - having the intrinsic nature (dharma) of creation (having the attribute of creation, creative)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, also, and

• त्रिविधसत्त्वया (trividhasattvayā) - endowed with the three guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas) (having three kinds of qualities)

• विपरीतम् (viparītam) - the opposite, contrary

• अतः (ataḥ) - from this, therefore, hence

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand

• क्षेत्रज्ञस्य (kṣetrajñasya) - of the individual soul or cosmic person (kṣetrajña), the conscious principle (of the knower of the field)

• च (ca) - and, also

• लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic, distinguishing mark, symptom

Words meanings and morphology

प्रकृत्या (prakṛtyā) - by the primordial nature (prakṛti) (by nature, by the intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - original or primary substance, nature (prakṛti), natural constitution, material cause

सर्गधर्मिण्या (sargadharmiṇyā) - having the intrinsic nature (dharma) of creation (having the attribute of creation, creative)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sargadharmin

sargadharmin - having the property/nature of creation

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sarga+dharmin)

• sarga – creation, emission, discharge
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sṛj (class 6)
• dharmin – having a property, possessing a quality or intrinsic nature
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'prakṛtyā'.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, also, and

(indeclinable)

त्रिविधसत्त्वया (trividhasattvayā) - endowed with the three guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas) (having three kinds of qualities)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of trividhasattva

trividhasattva - having three kinds of qualities (guṇas) or beings

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (trividha+sattva)

• trividha – of three kinds, threefold
  adjective (masculine)
• sattva – existence, reality, essence, goodness, quality (guṇa)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'prakṛtyā'.

विपरीतम् (viparītam) - the opposite, contrary

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viparīta

viparīta - opposite, contrary, inverted, reversed, adverse

Past Passive Participle

Derived from vi-pari-√i (to go round, to be reversed).

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Used here as a predicate nominative, referring to the characteristic (lakṣaṇam).

अतः (ataḥ) - from this, therefore, hence

(indeclinable)

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

क्षेत्रज्ञस्य (kṣetrajñasya) - of the individual soul or cosmic person (kṣetrajña), the conscious principle (of the knower of the field)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣetrajña

kṣetrajña - knower of the field (kṣetra), the individual soul (puruṣa)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kṣetra+jña)

• kṣetra – field, ground, realm, body
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knowing, knower of
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun suffix
  Derived from the root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic, distinguishing mark, symptom

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lakṣaṇa

lakṣaṇa - mark, sign, characteristic, definition, attribute, symptom