महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-210, verse-12

उष्णीषवान्यथा वस्त्रैस्त्रिभिर्भवति संवृतः ।
संवृतोऽयं तथा देही सत्त्वराजसतामसैः ॥१२॥

12. uṣṇīṣavānyathā vastraistribhirbhavati saṁvṛtaḥ ,
saṁvṛto'yaṁ tathā dehī sattvarājasatāmasaiḥ.

12. uṣṇīṣavān yathā vastraiḥ tribhiḥ bhavati saṃvṛtaḥ
saṃvṛtaḥ ayam tathā dehī sattvarājasatāmasaiḥ

12. yathā uṣṇīṣavān tribhiḥ vastraiḥ saṃvṛtaḥ bhavati
tathā ayam dehī sattvarājasatāmasaiḥ saṃvṛtaḥ

12. Just as someone wearing a turban is covered by three garments, similarly, this embodied being is enveloped by the qualities of goodness (sattva), passion (rajas), and ignorance (tamas).

Words meanings summery:

• उष्णीषवान् (uṣṇīṣavān) - one with a turban

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• वस्त्रैः (vastraiḥ) - by garments, by clothes

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - covered, enveloped

• संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - covered, enveloped

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, so

• देही (dehī) - embodied being, soul

• सत्त्वराजसतामसैः (sattvarājasatāmasaiḥ) - by sattva, rajas, and tamas; by the qualities of goodness, passion, and ignorance

Words meanings and morphology

उष्णीषवान् (uṣṇīṣavān) - one with a turban

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uṣṇīṣavant

uṣṇīṣavant - wearing a turban, turbaned

Possessive suffix -vat from uṣṇīṣa

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

वस्त्रैः (vastraiḥ) - by garments, by clothes

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vastra

vastra - garment, cloth, raiment

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tri

tri - three

Note: Agrees with 'vastraiḥ'

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - covered, enveloped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - covered, enveloped, concealed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from sam-vṛ (root vṛ, to cover)

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - covered, enveloped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - covered, enveloped, concealed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from sam-vṛ (root vṛ, to cover)

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that

तथा (tathā) - similarly, so

(indeclinable)

देही (dehī) - embodied being, soul

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dehin

dehin - embodied, living being, soul

सत्त्वराजसतामसैः (sattvarājasatāmasaiḥ) - by sattva, rajas, and tamas; by the qualities of goodness, passion, and ignorance

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sattvarājasatāmasa

sattvarājasatāmasa - relating to sattva, rajas, and tamas

Compound type : dvandva (sattva+rajas+tamas)

• sattva – goodness, purity, existence, reality
  noun (neuter)
• rajas – passion, activity, dust
  noun (neuter)
• tamas – darkness, ignorance, inertia
  noun (neuter)

Note: Implied 'guṇaiḥ' (qualities) it agrees with.