महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-205, verse-29

तस्मादात्मवता वर्ज्यं रजश्च तम एव च ।
रजस्तमोभ्यां निर्मुक्तं सत्त्वं निर्मलतामियात् ॥२९॥

29. tasmādātmavatā varjyaṁ rajaśca tama eva ca ,
rajastamobhyāṁ nirmuktaṁ sattvaṁ nirmalatāmiyāt.

29. tasmāt ātmavatā varjyam rajaḥ ca tamaḥ eva ca
rajastamobhyām nirmuktam sattvam nirmalatām iyāt

29. tasmāt ātmavatā rajaḥ ca tamaḥ eva ca varjyam
rajastamobhyām nirmuktam sattvam nirmalatām iyāt

29. Therefore, by one who is self-possessed (ātman), both passion (rajas) and inertia (tamas) should be avoided. Goodness (sattva), when freed from passion (rajas) and inertia (tamas), may attain purity.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• आत्मवता (ātmavatā) - by a self-controlled person, by one possessing the self

• वर्ज्यम् (varjyam) - to be avoided, to be shunned, prohibited

• रजः (rajaḥ) - passion (one of the three Gunas) (passion, activity, dust, impurity)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तमः (tamaḥ) - inertia (one of the three Gunas) (darkness, inertia, ignorance)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, exactly

• च (ca) - and, also

• रजस्तमोभ्याम् (rajastamobhyām) - from passion (rajas) and inertia (tamas) (from rajas and tamas, by rajas and tamas)

• निर्मुक्तम् (nirmuktam) - freed, released, liberated

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness (one of the three Gunas) (goodness, purity, reality, being, essence)

• निर्मलताम् (nirmalatām) - purity, clarity, spotlessness

• इयात् (iyāt) - may attain (purity) (may go, may attain, might reach)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of 'tad' (that), used adverbially

आत्मवता (ātmavatā) - by a self-controlled person, by one possessing the self

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātmavat

ātmavat - possessing the self (ātman), self-controlled, wise

From 'ātman' + 'matup' (possessive suffix)

वर्ज्यम् (varjyam) - to be avoided, to be shunned, prohibited

(adjective)

neuter, singular of varjya

varjya - to be avoided, to be shunned, prohibitable

Gerundive / Potential Passive Participle

From root '√vṛj' (to abandon, avoid) + suffix 'yat'

Root: √vṛj (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective, implying 'it is to be avoided'

रजः (rajaḥ) - passion (one of the three Gunas) (passion, activity, dust, impurity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - passion, activity, dust, impurity, Guna of activity

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

तमः (tamaḥ) - inertia (one of the three Gunas) (darkness, inertia, ignorance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, inertia, ignorance, Guna of inertia

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, exactly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

रजस्तमोभ्याम् (rajastamobhyām) - from passion (rajas) and inertia (tamas) (from rajas and tamas, by rajas and tamas)

(noun)

neuter, dual of rajastamas

rajastamas - rajas and tamas

Dvandva compound

Compound type : dvandva (rajas+tamas)

• rajas – passion, activity, dust
  noun (neuter)
• tamas – darkness, inertia, ignorance
  noun (neuter)

Note: In context, ablative ('freed FROM')

निर्मुक्तम् (nirmuktam) - freed, released, liberated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirmukta

nirmukta - freed, released, liberated

Past Passive Participle

From 'nir-' (prefix) + root '√muc' (to release) + 'kta' (past participle suffix)

Prefix: nis

Root: √muc (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'sattvam'

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness (one of the three Gunas) (goodness, purity, reality, being, essence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - goodness, purity, reality, being, essence, Guna of goodness

From 'sat' (being, good) + 'tva' (abstract noun suffix)

Note: Subject of the second clause

निर्मलताम् (nirmalatām) - purity, clarity, spotlessness

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nirmalatā

nirmalatā - purity, clarity, spotlessness

From 'nirmala' (pure, spotless) + 'tā' (abstract noun suffix)

Note: Object of 'iyāt'

इयात् (iyāt) - may attain (purity) (may go, may attain, might reach)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √i

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

Pāṇinian 'liṅ' (vidhi-liṅ), Parasmaipada

Root: √i (class 2)