महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-205, verse-25

शिष्य उवाच ।
के दोषा मनसा त्यक्ताः के बुद्ध्या शिथिलीकृताः ।
के पुनः पुनरायान्ति के मोहादफला इव ॥२५॥

25. śiṣya uvāca ,
ke doṣā manasā tyaktāḥ ke buddhyā śithilīkṛtāḥ ,
ke punaḥ punarāyānti ke mohādaphalā iva.

25. śiṣyaḥ uvāca ke doṣāḥ manasā tyaktāḥ ke buddhyā
śithilīkṛtāḥ ke punaḥ punaḥ āyānti ke mohāt aphalāḥ iva

25. śiṣyaḥ uvāca: manasā tyaktāḥ ke doṣāḥ? buddhyā śithilīkṛtāḥ
ke? punaḥ punaḥ ke āyānti? mohāt aphalāḥ iva ke?

25. The disciple asked: Which faults are forsaken by the mind, which are weakened by the intellect, which return repeatedly, and which, due to delusion (moha), appear ineffective or fruitless?

Words meanings summery:

• शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - disciple

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• के (ke) - which (faults) (which, what)

• दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults, defects

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind

• त्यक्ताः (tyaktāḥ) - abandoned, forsaken, left

• के (ke) - which (faults) (which, what)

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by the intellect, by understanding

• शिथिलीकृताः (śithilīkṛtāḥ) - loosened, weakened, made lax

• के (ke) - which (faults) (which, what)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• आयान्ति (āyānti) - come, return

• के (ke) - which (faults) (which, what)

• मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, due to bewilderment

• अफलाः (aphalāḥ) - fruitless, ineffective

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

Words meanings and morphology

शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - disciple

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, pupil

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of uvāca

Perfect (Liṭ) tense

Derived from root vac (to speak), perfect 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

के (ke) - which (faults) (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults, defects

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, error, vice

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought

त्यक्ताः (tyaktāḥ) - abandoned, forsaken, left

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tyakta

tyakta - abandoned, forsaken, left

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tyaj (to abandon).

Root: tyaj (class 1)

के (ke) - which (faults) (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by the intellect, by understanding

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, discernment, perception

शिथिलीकृताः (śithilīkṛtāḥ) - loosened, weakened, made lax

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śithilīkṛta

śithilīkṛta - loosened, weakened, made lax

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from śithila (loose) and kṛta (done), derived from root kṛ (to do).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śithila+kṛta)

• śithila – loose, slack, relaxed
  adjective
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

के (ke) - which (faults) (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

आयान्ति (āyānti) - come, return

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of āyā

Present tense

Derived from root yā (to go) with upasarga ā (towards). Present 3rd person plural.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

के (ke) - which (faults) (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, due to bewilderment

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, bewilderment, infatuation

अफलाः (aphalāḥ) - fruitless, ineffective

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aphala

aphala - fruitless, unproductive, without result

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+phala)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

(indeclinable)