महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-205, verse-20

यथेह नियतं कालो दर्शयत्यार्तवान्गुणान् ।
तद्वद्भूतेष्वहंकारं विद्याद्भूतप्रवर्तकम् ॥२०॥

20. yatheha niyataṁ kālo darśayatyārtavānguṇān ,
tadvadbhūteṣvahaṁkāraṁ vidyādbhūtapravartakam.

20. yathā iha niyatam kālaḥ darśayati ārtavān guṇān |
tadvat bhūteṣu ahaṅkāram vidyāt bhūtapravartakam

20. yathā iha kālaḥ niyatam ārtavān guṇān darśayati
tadvat bhūteṣu ahaṅkāram bhūtapravartakam vidyāt

20. Just as time here invariably displays the qualities of the seasons, so also one should understand the ego (ahaṅkāra) in living beings to be the instigator of those very beings.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, now

• नियतम् (niyatam) - fixedly, constantly, invariably

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time

• दर्शयति (darśayati) - shows, causes to be seen, displays

• आर्तवान् (ārtavān) - seasonal

• गुणान् (guṇān) - Refers to the characteristics or phenomena associated with different seasons. (qualities, attributes)

• तद्वत् (tadvat) - similarly, in that manner, so also

• भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - Refers to living beings. (in beings, among creatures, in elements)

• अहङ्कारम् (ahaṅkāram) - ego, egoism

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, he should understand

• भूतप्रवर्तकम् (bhūtapravartakam) - the instigator of beings, that which incites beings

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, now

(indeclinable)

नियतम् (niyatam) - fixedly, constantly, invariably

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root √yam (to restrain) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially here.

कालः (kālaḥ) - time

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, death

दर्शयति (darśayati) - shows, causes to be seen, displays

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of darśaya

Causative present tense, 3rd person singular

Derived from root √dṛś (to see) with causative suffix -aya

Root: dṛś (class 1)

आर्तवान् (ārtavān) - seasonal

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ārtava

ārtava - seasonal, pertaining to seasons, menstrual

From ṛtu (season) + aṇ suffix

Note: Adjective modifying `guṇān`.

गुणान् (guṇān) - Refers to the characteristics or phenomena associated with different seasons. (qualities, attributes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent (of prakṛti), thread, virtue

तद्वत् (tadvat) - similarly, in that manner, so also

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + -vat (like, having)

भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - Refers to living beings. (in beings, among creatures, in elements)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, existing

Past Passive Participle (when meaning 'been')

From root √bhū (to be, to become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Can also be masculine when referring to living beings.

अहङ्कारम् (ahaṅkāram) - ego, egoism

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ahaṅkāra

ahaṅkāra - ego, egoism, self-sense, false identification of self with body/mind

Compound of 'aham' (I) and 'kāra' (making, doer)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aham+kāra)

• aham – I
  pronoun
• kāra – maker, doer, act of making
  noun (masculine)
  From root √kṛ (to do, to make) + suffix -a
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `vidyāt`.

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, he should understand

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vid

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

Root: vid (class 2)

भूतप्रवर्तकम् (bhūtapravartakam) - the instigator of beings, that which incites beings

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhūtapravartaka

bhūtapravartaka - instigator of beings, mover of beings

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bhūta+pravartaka)

• bhūta – being, creature
  noun (neuter)
  From root √bhū (to be, to become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• pravartaka – promoter, instigator, stimulator, cause
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root √vṛt (to turn) with prefix pra- and agent suffix -aka
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adjective for `ahaṅkāram`.