महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-205, verse-27

गुरुरुवाच ।
दोषैर्मूलादवच्छिन्नैर्विशुद्धात्मा विमुच्यते ।
विनाशयति संभूतमयस्मयमयो यथा ।
तथाकृतात्मा सहजैर्दोषैर्नश्यति राजसैः ॥२७॥

27. gururuvāca ,
doṣairmūlādavacchinnairviśuddhātmā vimucyate ,
vināśayati saṁbhūtamayasmayamayo yathā ,
tathākṛtātmā sahajairdoṣairnaśyati rājasaiḥ.

27. guruḥ uvāca doṣaiḥ mūlāt avacchinnaiḥ
viśuddhaḥ ātmā vimucyate vināśayati
saṃbhūtam ayasmayam ayaḥ yathā tathā
akṛtātmā sahajaiḥ doṣaiḥ naśyati rājasaiḥ

27. guruḥ uvāca: doṣaiḥ mūlāt avacchinnaiḥ (sati),
viśuddhaḥ ātmā vimucyate.
yathā ayaḥ saṃbhūtam ayasmayam vināśayati,
tathā akṛtātmā sahajaiḥ rājasaiḥ doṣaiḥ naśyati.

27. The guru said: A person with a purified self (ātman) becomes liberated (mokṣa) when their faults are uprooted from the source. Just as iron (in the form of a tool or rust) destroys that which is made of iron and has originated from it, similarly, an uncultivated person (akṛtātmā) is destroyed by their innate faults, particularly those stemming from the quality of passion (Rajas).

Words meanings summery:

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher, preceptor

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• दोषैः (doṣaiḥ) - by faults, by defects

• मूलात् (mūlāt) - from the root, from the origin

• अवच्छिन्नैः (avacchinnaiḥ) - severed, cut off, separated

• विशुद्धः (viśuddhaḥ) - purified, very pure, cleansed

• आत्मा (ātmā) - self, soul

• विमुच्यते (vimucyate) - is liberated, is released

• विनाशयति (vināśayati) - destroys, causes to perish

• संभूतम् (saṁbhūtam) - that which has arisen (from it) (arisen, produced, made)

• अयस्मयम् (ayasmayam) - made of iron, iron-formed

• अयः (ayaḥ) - iron, metal

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus

• अकृतात्मा (akṛtātmā) - one whose self is not perfected, uncultivated person

• सहजैः (sahajaiḥ) - by innate, by inherent

• दोषैः (doṣaiḥ) - by faults, by defects

• नश्यति (naśyati) - perishes, is destroyed

• राजसैः (rājasaiḥ) - by faults stemming from the quality of passion (Rajas) (by those relating to Rajas, by passionate)

Words meanings and morphology

गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher, preceptor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual preceptor, heavy, important

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of uvāca

Perfect (Liṭ) tense

Derived from root vac (to speak), perfect 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

दोषैः (doṣaiḥ) - by faults, by defects

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, error, vice

मूलात् (mūlāt) - from the root, from the origin

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, origin, foundation, base

अवच्छिन्नैः (avacchinnaiḥ) - severed, cut off, separated

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of avacchinna

avacchinna - severed, cut off, separated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root chid (to cut, sever) with upasargas ava (down) and vi (apart).

Prefixes: ava+vi

Root: chid (class 7)

विशुद्धः (viśuddhaḥ) - purified, very pure, cleansed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśuddha

viśuddha - purified, very pure, clear, cleansed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śudh (to purify) with upasarga vi (intensifier).

Prefix: vi

Root: śudh (class 4)

आत्मा (ātmā) - self, soul

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

विमुच्यते (vimucyate) - is liberated, is released

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vimuc

Present (Laṭ) tense

Derived from root muc (to release) with upasarga vi (away, completely). Present 3rd person singular, passive voice.

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

विनाशयति (vināśayati) - destroys, causes to perish

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vināśay

Causative Present (Laṭ) tense

Derived from root naś (to perish) with upasarga vi (completely), causative stem.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

संभूतम् (saṁbhūtam) - that which has arisen (from it) (arisen, produced, made)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saṃbhūta

saṁbhūta - arisen, born, produced, made, existing

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhū (to be, become) with upasarga sam (together, completely).

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

अयस्मयम् (ayasmayam) - made of iron, iron-formed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ayasmaya

ayasmaya - made of iron

Derived from ayas (iron) with the suffix -maya (made of).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ayas+maya)

• ayas – iron, metal
  noun (neuter)
• maya – made of, consisting of
  suffix

अयः (ayaḥ) - iron, metal

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ayas

ayas - iron, metal

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus

(indeclinable)

अकृतात्मा (akṛtātmā) - one whose self is not perfected, uncultivated person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṛtātman

akṛtātman - one whose soul is unpurified, uncultivated, imperfect soul

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṛta+ātman)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, accomplished, cultivated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul
  noun (masculine)

सहजैः (sahajaiḥ) - by innate, by inherent

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sahaja

sahaja - innate, inherent, natural, born with

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saha+ja)

• saha – with, together
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced
  adjective
  Derived from root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

दोषैः (doṣaiḥ) - by faults, by defects

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, error, vice

नश्यति (naśyati) - perishes, is destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of naś

Present (Laṭ) tense

Derived from root naś (to perish). Present 3rd person singular.

Root: naś (class 4)

राजसैः (rājasaiḥ) - by faults stemming from the quality of passion (Rajas) (by those relating to Rajas, by passionate)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rājasa

rājasa - relating to rajas, passionate, active, princely

Derived from rajas (passion, a guṇa).